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115 results found
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Nigeria
| 1 May 2013
Army launched large-scale military assault on militant Islamist Boko Haram (BH) base in Baga, Borno state, 19 April; at least 187 reportedly killed including many civilians; President Jonathan 23 April ordered investigation. Army Chief of Staff 3 April attributed rising BH terrorism to links with international terror groups. 25 killed in clash between security forces and BH militants in Yobe state 26 April. Niger Delta rebel group MEND 14 April threatened to launch attacks on Islamic institutions in response to BH attacks on churches. Govt signed €89m financing agreement with EU.
Nigeria
| 1 Apr 2013
At least 25 killed 22 March in four coordinated gun and bomb attacks by suspected Boko Haram (BH) militants in Ganye, near Cameroon border; some 120 prison inmates freed in attack. 3 bombs exploded in Kano 23 March; bomb attack 18 March killed at least 20 in Sabon Gari district, Kano; army 31 March said 14 suspected BH killed in raid in Kano. 20 BH militants killed 3 March by army after attacking military barracks in Monguno, Borno state. Kaduna politician Hussaini Dei Dei arrested 5 March after weapons, explosives found in his home. President Jonathan 7 March said he could not grant amnesty to BH militants until group members and aims known, following request from Sultan of Sokoto for amnesty like that given to Niger Delta MEND fighters. Ansaru militants 9 March said 7 foreign workers abducted Feb executed. Over 50 killed in communal violence following 27 March attack by Fulani herdsmen on 2 villages in Plateau state.
Nigeria
| 1 Mar 2013
Gunmen 16 Feb raided construction company camp in Jama’re, Bauchi state, killing guard and kidnapping 7 foreign workers; Boko Haram (BH) offshoot Ansaru claimed responsibility. At least 1 killed, mosques, churches and homes burned 23 Feb in sectarian riots in Wukari town, Taraba state. Several bombs exploded 28 Feb in Maiduguri where All Progressives Congress holding meeting attended by several high-level politicians. At least 6 reportedly killed 23 Feb in suspected BH attack in Ngalda, Yobe state. Attackers dressed as soldiers 21 Feb killed reported Christian family of 10 in Plateau state. Military 1 Feb said 17 insurgents killed in attack on 2 BH training camps. Suspected BH 19 Feb kidnapped 7 French tourists from Cameroon, thought to be held in north (see Cameroon). Gunmen 8 Feb killed at least 10 in attack on 2 polio clinics in Kano following Wazobia FM radio broadcast linking vaccines to Western plot against Muslims; 2 Wazobia journalists and radical Islamist cleric arrested and charged with incitement to violence, station’s licence revoked.
Nigeria
| 1 Feb 2013
Boko Haram (BH) second in command for southern and northern Borno state Muhammed Abdulaziz 30 Jan announced ceasefire on condition detained members released, destroyed mosque of leader Mohammed Yusuf be rebuilt; Nigerian govt said would study conditions of ceasefire before pronouncing on it; military said ceasefire would be subjected to one-month test. Following day 5 police killed in suspected BH attacks in Kano city and Kaduna state. Oil pipeline in Arepo, near Lagos, attacked 23 Jan. Suspected BH gunmen 22 Jan opened fire on Damboa town market killing 18; 5 shot dead, 2 wounded same day in Kano. Attack on Kano Emir’s convoy 19 Jan killed 6. Gunmen 28 Jan killed 8 in Gajigana, Borno state. President Jonathan 17 Jan announced govt sending 1,200 troops to help recapture northern Mali from Islamist groups; gunmen 19 Jan opened fire on troop convoy travelling to Mali, killing 2 and injuring 5, BH splinter group Ansarul claimed responsibility. Military spokesman 22 Jan announced border security strengthened in anticipation of retaliatory attacks. Hundreds protested 31 Sept outside Justice Ministry against lenient sentence handed to govt official convicted of embezzlement, demanded retrial, judicial reform. Shell Oil acquitted 30 Jan of 4 pollution claims in Niger Delta, ordered to pay compensation for fifth.
Nigeria
| 30 Dec 2012
Boko Haram (BH) attacks continued in north: sect killed 10 Christians in Borno state, NE 2 Dec; 14 killed in Potiskum, Yobe state, in exchange of fire with security forces 10 Dec. Suspected BH killed District Head of Dusuma Ward, Borno state, and son 10 Dec; 6 killed 25 Dec in suspected BH attack on church in Potiskum, Yobe state; at least 15 killed 28 Dec by suspected BH gunmen in Musari village, near Maiduguri; at least 25 killed 28-29 Dec in suspected BH attacks in Adamawa, Borno state. Gunmen loyal to Islamist group “Ansaru”, suspected BH offshoot formed in June 2012, killed 2 guards, kidnapped French engineer in Katsina town in north19 Dec. Army 27 Dec killed 5 suspected BH in shootout in Kaduna, discovered bomb-making factory. Human Rights Commission 29 Dec criticised detention of 2 journalists arrested 28 Dec following publication of stories alleging abuses by military.
Nigeria
| 1 Dec 2012
Two suicide bombs 25 Nov killed at least 11, injured 30 in attack on military church in Kaduna state. 2 police killed 26 Nov in suspected Boko Haram (BH) attack on police base in Abuja where BH militants frequently detained. Army 27 Nov said 10 killed when gunmen opened fire in predominantly Christian town in Plateau state. Police 25 Nov said BH leader Benjamin Kato, 12 others arrested in Nasarawa state; army 30 Nov said explosives, bomb-making materials recovered from BH base in Zaria city, suspect arrested. ICC prosecutor’s office report 26 Nov said “reasonable basis” to believe BH have committed crimes against humanity since mid-2009. At least 20 reportedly killed, 70 houses burned 21 Nov in clash between Koro and Eggon communities in Agyaragu, Nassarawa state.
Nigeria
| 1 Nov 2012
At least 31 killed, hundreds displaced 18-22 Oct in clashes between army and suspected Boko Haram (BH) militants in Potiskum, NE. Suicide car bomb attack on church in Kaduna 28 Oct killed at least 7, injured over 100; 3 Muslims killed in reprisal attacks. BH member arrested 18 Oct at home of prominent senator. Perpetrators of 1 Oct attack in Mubi that killed at least 25 civilians, many students, remain unknown; several reportedly arrested, including BH members. Human Rights Watch 11 Oct said BH attacks in north likely amount to crimes against humanity, said govt security forces also engaged in abuses including unlawful killing.
Nigeria
| 1 Oct 2012
Boko Haram (BH) attacks continued: suicide bomb attack on church in Bauchi killed at least 3, injured 50 on 23 Sept; Borno state attorney general, former head of Bauchi prison service Ibrahim Jarmam killed 18 Sept; at least 8 killed 3 Sept in attacks on Divisional Police HQ, Cocin Church, house of army commander in New Marte, Maiduguri; 2 Maiduguri officials killed 2 Sept. Govt 24 Sept imposed curfew in Damaturu, Potiskum. Security forces 25 Sept said suspected BH leader killed, 156 suspected members of BH arrested in 3-day operation in Mubim near Maiduguri city. Security forces reportedly killed BH spokesman Abu Qaqa in Kano 17 Sept, 2 suspected senior BH militants in Maiduguri 20 Sept. Security forces 5 Sept retook hijacked oil tanker off coast of Lagos, freeing 23 Indian hostages.
Nigeria
| 1 Sep 2012
Boko Haram attacks continued throughout month; 19 killed in 5 Aug attack on evangelical temple in Okene, Kogi state; 8 killed 5 Aug in bomb attack on military patrol in Damaturu, Yobe state; suicide bomber killed, several injured 3 Aug in suicide attack targeting religious leader outside Potiskum Mosque, Yobe state. army 21 Aug said 20 Boko Haram militants killed in shoot-out in Maiduguri, Borno state, BH denied reports, said all deaths were civilian. Security forces 11 Aug discovered bomb-making factory in Kano. President Spokesman Reuben Abati said govt in talks with Boko Haram via “back channels”. Navy 26 Aug said 28 oil workers kidnapped 23 Aug in Niger Delta region rescued.
Nigeria
| 1 Aug 2012
Boko Haram (BH) 9 July claimed responsibility for attacks on 14 villages around Jos which left scores dead, including several prominent politicians; BH reportedly warned Christians must “embrace Islam” or risk being attacked; other reports claim Fulani herdsmen responsible for attacks. Army 14 July announced “Operation sweep and search” in response; Secretary of Fulani group Mobgal Fulbe Development Association, Ahmed Yandeh, denounced operation as deliberate effort to drive Fulani out of region. Following 25 July killing of 2 Indian expatriates in Maiduguri, security forces 27 July arrested 26 suspected BH militants, killed 2 in separate raid. Suspected BH militants 15 July attacked 3 police stations in Damaturu. Bomb targeting Christian churches in Kogi state exploded 15 July; multiple bombs including suicide-bomb targeting police stations in Sokoto exploded 30 July, at least 5 dead. Rocket fired at Jos Muslim school 16 July killed child; Christian leaders 14 July condemned 13 July attempt to kill key Islamic leader which left 5 dead. Gunmen 19 July killed 5, including policeman, in Kano; 4 Igbo traders killed by armed men same day in Maiduguri; attacks took place day after lifting of state of emergency declared on 31 Dec 2011 in 4 northern states.
Nigeria
| 1 Jul 2012
Over 100 killed 17-19 June in Kaduna state and Damaturu city: at least 40 killed in Damaturu firefight between suspected Boko Haram (BH) and soldiers 18 June; BH attack on 3 churches in Kaduna state 17 June killed at least 16, sparked reprisals, sectarian clashes leaving scores dead; police 26 June killed at least 17 suspected BH in Kano shoot-out. Additional BH attacks on churches, police in North continued throughout month, dozens killed. Security forces 30 June clashed with BH in Damaturu. Gunmen 29 June killed 5 policemen in Adamawa state. 40 inmates freed 24 June in BH raid on Yobo state prison. President Jonathan 22 June sacked security adviser Owoye Azazi, Defence Minister Bello Mohammed. Suspected armed robbers 11 June raided villages in northern Zamfara state, at least 27 killed.
Nigeria
| 1 Jun 2012
Security forces clashed with Boko Haram (BH) throughout month; 6 May shootout in Kano left 4 BH members dead; shootouts 13 May in Borno and Zamfara states left 6 security force officers dead; suspected “BH enclave” in Jos destroyed 19 May. Bomb in Taraba state 30 April killed 11 policemen; govt 22 May foiled separate attempts to bomb police HQ and govt radio station in Abuja. Unknown gunmen 28 May killed 4 traders from mainly Christian Igbo ethnic group in northeastern Nigeria; unclear whether attack carried out by BH. German hostage abducted in Jan killed 30 May during failed rescue operation in Kano; 5 gunmen killed. Gunmen 28 May kidnapped Italian engineer in western state of Kwara.
Nigeria
| 1 May 2012
Boko Haram attacks continued: 7 killed in 4 April attack on market, Maiduguri; 38 killed 7 April in suicide car bomb attack, Kaduna; 7 killed 18 April in spate of attacks across north; suicide bomb attacks on This Day newspaper offices in Abuja, Kaduna 26 April left 9 dead; suspected Boko Haram attacks at Kano University, Maiduguri church 29 April left at least 21 dead. Boko Haram 12 April released video threatening to topple President Jonathan within 3 months. Intercommunal tensions in Plateau state continued; 2 attacks near Jos 24 April left 5 dead, 10 injured; 30 April attack by ethnic Fulani herdsmen on ethnic Christian Berom left 2 dead, several wounded. U.S. 18 April warned Boko Haram planning attacks on Abuja, including major hotels. Movement for Emancipation of Niger Delta (MEND) claimed responsibility for 13 April attack on Italian ENI oil installations in Bayelsa State, 14 April threatened to attack South African investments in Niger Delta, sparking fears of group’s resurgence.
Nigeria
| 1 Apr 2012
Boko Haram attacks continued; 7 killed 7 March in attack on police station, Ashaka; 1 killed 9 March in attack on police station, Kano; 21 killed 11 March in attack on Jos church; 5 killed 12 March in attack on military patrol, Mubi; 2 killed 8 March in failed European hostage rescue bid, Birnin Kebbi; 2 Boko Haram killed in suicide car blast 24 March, Maiduguri; 9 killed 21 March in shootout with security forces, Kano; 6 killed 25 March in suicide blast during raid, Maiduguri; 1 policeman killed 28 March, Maiduguri; several injured 28 March in police station bombing, Yobe; 4 killed 30 March in Boko Haram bank robbery, Kano; 10 killed in police in shootout with Boko Haram 31 March, Kogi. Govt reportedly in indirect talks with group to end violence; Boko Haram 16 March reportedly said may declare 3-month truce. 16 killed 6 March in clashes between Fulani and ethnic Tiv in east; clashes between Hausa and Yoruba in Ekiti 22 March injured at least 20. Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Mahgreb (AQIM) 23 March announced German hostage being held, demanded exchange for “Muslim woman” held in Germany.
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“Nigeria, Islamist group Boko Haram in indirect talks”, AFP, 16 March 2012.
Nigeria
| 1 Mar 2012
Boko Haram launched series of attacks throughout month in Kaduna, Suleja, Borno, Kano, targeting security personnel, churches. 30 civilians reportedly killed in 20 Feb Boko Haram attack at Maiduguri market, army killed 8 attackers, deactivated bombs. Suspected Boko Haram gunmen 15 Feb stormed Kogi state prison, freeing 119 inmates; over 14 killed in multiple Boko Haram explosions, prison attack in Gombe 25 Feb. At least 2 killed in 26 Feb reprisals following death of 3 in bombing of church HQ, Jos, Plateau. Boko Haram spokesperson Abul Qaqa captured 1 Feb, reportedly revealed sect’s foreign backing. Movement for Emancipation of Niger Delta 5 Feb attacked Italian pipeline in region. Despite fierce criticism over party’s handing of northern insurgency, ruling People’s Democratic Party won 5, 12 Feb elections in northern state of Adamawa, southern state of Bayelsa respectively.
Nigeria
| 1 Feb 2012
At least 211 killed 20 Jan in Kano in worst ever Boko Haram bomb attack, targeting police, immigration offices and markets; police late Jan arrested 160 Chadians reportedly suspected of involvement. At least 7 died 22 Jan in Boko Haram bombing of 2 churches, Bauchi state; 11 suspected Boko Haram insurgents killed 28 Jan in checkpoint gun battle, Maiduguri. Boko Haram 2nd in command Umar Kabir, allegedly behind Madalla Christmas bombings, 18 Jan escaped police custody. Following late-Dec state of emergency declaration, President Jonathan 8 Jan claimed Boko Haram sympathizers in govt, security agencies. In response to Boko Haram 1 Jan demand Christian southerners leave North, Niger Delta Indigenes Movement for Radical Change (NDIMRC) 10 Jan issued 21-day ultimatum calling on northerners to leave South. Govt 1 Jan announced complete withdrawal of fuel subsidies, prompting crippling strikes following 117% fuel price increase; govt 16 Jan reduced prices by 30%, deployed soldiers to Lagos and Kano to stop future pro-subsidy protest. Human rights groups 12 Jan petitioned ICC to investigate President Jonathan’s role in alleged killings of over 35 protestors.
Nigeria
| 2 Jan 2012
President Jonathan 31 Dec declared state of emergency after 22-25, 29 Dec Boko Haram bombings and gun attacks across Northeast and in Abuja killing over 100, leaving 90,000 displaced in northeastern Damaturu city. Police 19 Dec captured 14 Boko Haram militants, seized bomb-making equipment in Kano after shootout that left 3 police and 4 militants dead. 10 killed 13 Dec in Maiduguri in Boko Haram blast targeting soldiers, who allegedly retaliated with indiscriminate shooting, arson. Bomb factory discovered in Maiduguri after 17 Dec residential blast, large quantities of IED materials, AK-47 rifles, ammunition uncovered. At least 50 killed in 31 Dec ethnic land clash, Ebonyi state.
Nigeria
| 1 Dec 2011
Over 150 people killed in series of attacks across Borno and Yobe states 4 Nov in Boko Haram’s most deadly operation since 2009; targeted churches, Yobe security services HQ. Further bomb attacks 26-27 Nov protesting arrest of sect members killed 4 policemen in Geidam, Yobe, also targeted churches, commerce, local govt. Police inspector killed 6 Nov by Boko Haram in Maiduguri, Borno. Media reported group recruiting students, minors after 8 youths arrested in north. People’s Democratic Party Borno senator Ali Ndume charged 22 Nov with connections to Boko Haram following 3 Nov arrest of group spokesman Konduga; president of Civil Rights Congress Shehu Sani said arrest political ploy to justify govt spending on State Security Service, Kondunga no longer Boko Haram member. Boko Haram 15 Nov bombed convoy of Borno state governor Shettima in Maiduguri, day after Defence Minister Bello Mohammed claimed new security measures would end group’s activities. Boko Haram spokesman Abul Qaqa 24 Nov said group had links with al-Qaeda; Algerian FM 13 Nov said intelligence reports show coordination between group and Al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb. At least 45 killed in Plateau State in Fulani herdsmen attacks over alleged cattle theft.
Nigeria
| 1 Nov 2011
5 former Governors tried by Economic and Financial Crimes Commission for corruption. Govt Panel on 2011 Elections Violence and Civil Disturbances 10 Oct submitted report to President; included criticism of politicians who told population to “guard” their votes. Boko Haram assassinations, bombings continued in north; Borno state MP Modu Bintube killed 17 Oct in Maiduguri. State journalist Alhaji Zakariya Isa shot dead 22 Oct; Boko Haram claimed responsibility, said Isa “spying”. 30 Oct bomb attack targeted military patrol ahead of 31 Oct deadline to relinquish illegal weapons and explosives in northern city Maiduguri.
Nigeria
| 1 Oct 2011
Boko Haram continued attacks on police stations and bank robberies in Maiduguri, Borno state and Bauchi state. Boko Haram 1 Sept named Mohammed Abul Barra responsible for 26 Aug UN bombing; State Security Service 18 Sept said Mamman Nur, lead Boko Haram figure, masterminded bombing. 6 suspected Boko Haram members arrested after bomb-making factory discovered 6 Sept near Abuja. As part of peace initiative former president Obasanjo 15 Sept visited family of former Boko Haram leader Mohammed Yusuf, slain in police custody Dec 2009; gunmen 17 Sept killed Obasanjo’s host, Yusuf’s brother-in-law; Boko Haram denied responsibility. Violence between Muslim and Christian youth gangs continued in central city Jos, including 1 Sept clash in which at least 23 killed. Economic and Financial Crimes Commission 7 Sept cleared first lady Patience Jonathan of money laundering totalling $13.5mn.
Nigeria
| 1 Sep 2011
23 people killed, dozens injured in massive car bomb in Abuja 26 Aug targeting UN building, claimed by Islamist sect Boko Haram; officials identified as suspect man with alleged links to al-Qaeda. New govt fact-finding panel on Boko Haram 18 Aug submitted interim report, amid continuing attacks in and around Maiduguri, Borno state. Army subject to further criticism over alleged abuses during ongoing crackdown on sect, pledged to probe abuses. President Jonathan 20 Aug appointed Acting President of Appeal Court in place of Justice Isa Ayo Salami, who doubled as Chair of Presidential Election Petition Tribunal sitting over Congress for Progressive Changes’ 11 Aug motion to quash Jonathan’s election. Jonathan’s removal of Salami seen as apparent violation of constitution, condemned by opposition ACN. ACN and NLC parties voiced opposition to late July announcement by Presidency of bill proposing single 6-year term for president and governors, alleging hidden agenda to prolong President’s tenure. Around 50 people killed in renewed violence in Barkin-Ladi area and Jos, Plateau state 14-18 Aug, in attacks involving youths and Fulani herdsmen; allegations those carrying out initial attacks wearing military uniforms. At least 10 killed 29 Aug in further violence. Govt 18 Aug inaugurated Economic Management Team, Committee on Restructuring and Rationalization of Federal Govt Parastatals and Agencies. UN Environmental Program issued report on oil pollution in Niger Delta. International Maritime Bureau reported sharp increase in piracy attacks in Gulf of Guinea.
Nigeria
| 1 Aug 2011
Dozens killed, scores injured in Borno state capital Maiduguri in almost daily attacks by Islamist sect Boko Haram, amid regular clashes between sect and federal govt’s Joint Task Force (JTF) Operation Restore Order. Federal govt 20 July turned down request from Committee of Borno Elders to withdraw JTF, which is accused of excessive use of force, rights abuses. Govt 30 July announced official panel to open talks with Boko Haram, report back by 16 Aug. Growing insecurity along with ban on use of motorbikes fuelling mass exodus out of Borno state. Evidence that Boko Haram may have split into 2 factions; apparent main faction Yusufiyya Islamic Movement 20 July condemned attacks on residences and places of worship by other faction, announced ceasefire during Ramadan. Movement for Emancipation of Niger Delta (MEND) threatened to resume hostilities following announcement that 100 Boko Haram members suspected of bombing police HQ in Abuja in June would not be prosecuted.
Nigeria
| 1 Jul 2011
Islamist sect Boko Haram claimed responsibility for series of deadly bomb blasts in 3 towns shortly after President Jonathan’s 29 May inauguration; 12 June gave conditions for dialogue with govt, including Sharia law in north, release of all detained members. Group claimed responsibility for 16 June suicide bomb blast at Nigeria Police HQ, Abuja: several killed including police officer, dozens arrested. Blast marks group’s first operation in Abuja, first use of suicide bombing; followed visit by police chief to Maiduguri, where group is based. 7 people killed in 20 June attacks on bank and police station in Kankara, Katsina states. At least 25 killed in 26 June bomb attack on beer garden in Maiduguri and 3 killed in 27 June attack, both blamed on Boko Haram; military took control of city, stepped up patrols in other cities. President Jonathan 7 June promulgated laws on terrorism, money-laundering. Outgoing parliamentary Speaker Dimeji Bankole and deputy Bayero Nafada arraigned before Federal High Court 8 June on graft charges.
Nigeria
| 1 Jun 2011
Appeals court 10 May ordered release of ex-President Mamadou Tandja, held on graft charges, citing prohibition on trying former heads of state in Nigerien law. Parliament 18 May announced amnesty for perpetrators of Feb 2010 coup which removed Tandja from power.
Nigeria
| 1 May 2011
President Jonathan, People’s Democratic Party (PDP) candidate, re-elected 16 Apr winning 59% in presidential poll; Muhammadu Buhari of Congress for Progressive Change (CPC) gained 32%. Observers described election as “credible” but results triggered significant deadly post-election violence. Rights group 24 Apr reported at least 500 killed as Muslim supporters of Buhari attacked churches, homes and police stations, sparking Christian reprisals across at least 6 northern states including Kaduna, Kano and Bauchi. Largely peaceful governorship elections held 26 Apr in majority of 36 states; 28 Apr in Kaduna and Bauchi after Election Commission’s 2-day postponement citing security concerns. Suspected Islamist sect Boko Haram members 24 Apr killed 3, injured 14 in Maiduguri bomb blast; Boko Haram statement same day vowed to continue fight until Muslims regain freedom, called on govt to embrace Islam and adopt “laws of Quran”.
Nigeria
| 1 Apr 2011
Preparations for April general elections continued amid rise in politically-motivated communal and sectarian violence threatening peaceful and credible poll. At least 7 feared dead after 28 March clashes between rival supporters of ruling Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) and Labour Party (LP) in Nembe, Bayelsa state. Authorities said more than 12 killed, 50 injured 22 March in fight between PDP and opposition Action Congress supporters during political rally in Uyo, Akwa Ibon state in South. Dozens injured, at least 5 reportedly killed during 21 March political rally of General Buhari’s Congress for Progressive Change in Jos, Plateau state. Boko Haram 13 March killed Maiduguri cleric famous in Borno state for anti-radicalisation sermons, also suspected of killing All Nigerian People’s Party youth leader in Maiduguri 26 March. 2 unidentified men killed 20 March in Jos when bomb they were transporting detonated prematurely. Prior to latest attacks Human Rights Watch 13 March urged authorities to establish special panel to investigate and prosecute election-related abuses and violence. Movement for Emancipation of Niger Delta (MEND) 14 March issued statement criticising president’s failure on Niger Delta issues, threatened to bomb Lagos, Abuja, oil installations in Delta. President Jonathan 31 March ordered country-wide troop deployment ahead of 2 April Senate elections.
Nigeria
| 1 Mar 2011
Election commission 21 Feb announced 20 presidential candidates to contest 9 April election with more than 67 million registered to vote. At least 11 killed, over 20 seriously injured during 12 Feb stampede at Peoples’ Democratic Party campaign rally in Port Harcourt. 7 people seriously injured 12 Feb during clash between Labour Party and Action Congress of Nigeria supporters in Idanre. Movement for Emancipation of Niger Delta (MEND) 13 Feb criticised President Jonathan’s appointment of former Ondo State assembly member Kingsley Kuku as Niger Delta presidential adviser. Islamist sect Boko Haram early month claimed responsibility for Jan high profile assassination of Borno state gubernatorial candidate, threatened jihad against govt. Announcement followed by series of gun attacks in northeast states including 22 Feb deadly attacks on Rwang Fang village, Plateau State, 17 Feb attack on police station and bank in Bauchi state, and 15 Feb attack on church in Maidugri, Borno state. Police inspector general 18 Feb declared no negotiation with group. 6 killed and large weapons cache recovered in 21 Feb police raid on suspected Boko Haram members in NE town Damaturu, Plateau State.
Nigeria
| 1 Feb 2011
Violence flared in north east states. Human Rights Watch 27 Jan reported more than 200 killed in reprisal attacks following 24 Dec bomb blasts in Plateau State capital Jos. Bus carrying Muslim wedding guests attacked 7 Jan by suspected Christians, sparking deadly riots 8-9 Jan between rival groups south west of Jos. Following 18 Jan army confirmation of “shoot-to-kill” orders to maintain control in Jos area, men in uniform 24 Jan allegedly killed 8 protestors calling for removal of soldiers. Suspected Muslim Falani herdsmen 27 Jan carried out simultaneous attacks on 3 villages south of Jos. In Bauchi state at least 4 killed, several churches and mosques burned 27 Jan during clashes between Christians and Muslims in Tafawa Balewa district; authorities said safe detonation of explosive device planted in church prevented widespread devastation 30 Jan. Islamist sect Boko Haram suspected in spate of gun attacks in Maiduguri, Borno state, including fatal shooting of 4 civilians 18 Jan, 23-24 Jan targeted killing of 2 soldiers and 28 Jan assassination of candidate for governor in April elections, 6 others killed. President Jonathan 14 Jan defeated former vice president Atiku Abubakar in People’s Democratic Party (PDP) primaries with 77% of votes, confirming he will stand in April presidential election against main rivals Action Congress of Nigeria’s Nuhu Ribadu and Congress for Progressive Change candidate General Muhammadou Buhari. Election official killed 17 Jan by angry mob during voter registration. Court 5 Jan charged PDP Senate leader Teslim Folarim with involvement in Dec murder of union leader Lateef Salako after PDP meeting in Ibadan.
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“Nigeria’s presidential primary: another term beckons”, Economist, 20 Jan. 2011.
Nigeria
| 3 Jan 2011
Country hit by several bomb blasts over month including at least 80 people killed, dozens wounded 24 Dec in bomb attacks claimed by Islamist sect Boko Haram in Plateau State capital Jos. Attacks sparked clashes 26 Dec between Christian and Muslim groups; riot police deployed to contain violence. At least 4 people killed in explosion in Abuja market 31 Dec, blamed on Boko Haram. Blasts come amid continuing Islamist militant violence in which several killed in separate incidents in northeast city Maiduguri, including 6 people killed in attacks on churches 24 Dec, and at least 5 killed in 29 Dec attack; 92 suspected sect members arrested next day. Police chief 16 Dec criticised officers for failing to stop attacks, suggested police may be tipping off sect. Political rally in Bayelsa State hit by 2 bombs 29 Dec. 18 of 36 governors 17 Dec said will back President Jonathan at People’s Democratic Party primaries 13 Jan, ahead of April presidential election. Military operation launched in Delta State early Dec to find militant leader John Togo after he quit govt amnesty program. Activist groups said 150 people killed in operation; military denied. Army 12 Dec said it had taken control of 8 camps belonging to Niger Delta militant leader Ateke Tom in Rivers State; 14 Dec reported 8 soldiers and 6 civilians killed during operation targeting gang leaders in Niger Delta village; activist groups claimed civilian death toll higher. Army 13 Dec reported had shot dead Obioma Nwankwo, leader of kidnapping gangs in Abia state. 15 Muslim herdsmen sentenced to 10 years prison over sectarian violence between Muslim Fulanis and Christian farmers in Jos Jan 2010.
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“Violence shows Christian, Muslim split in Nigeria”, AP, 3 Jan 2011.
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“The president is threatened by a fraying amnesty”, Economist, 29 Dec. 2011.
Nigeria
| 1 Dec 2010
Oil workers kidnapped by Niger Delta militant group MEND, including 7 foreigners kidnapped 8 Nov, freed along with 12 Nigerians by army in 17 Nov operation; army 21 Nov reported arrest of 63 in connection with kidnappings. MEND claimed responsibility for several attacks on oil operations in Delta including 21 Nov attack on pipeline, threatened further attacks. Following deadly 1 Oct Abuja bomb blasts, South African court 19 Nov denied bail to Henry Okah, suspected of orchestrating attack. In North, suspected Boko Haram attacks continued, including soldier killed in Maiduguri city 14 Nov, 3 people killed 19 Nov as gunmen opened fire on Maiduguri mosque. Maiduguri police 23 Nov reported arrest of over 170 suspected Boko Haram members over 6-week period for involvement in recent killings. Election commission 23 Nov confirmed April 2011 dates for presidential, parliamentary, state-level elections. Northern politicians 23 Nov agreed on former VP Atiku Abubakar as candidate to challenge President Jonathan in ruling Peoples Democratic Party primaries. ICC chief prosecutor announced start of preliminary investigations in Nigeria; no further details given.
Nigeria
| 1 Nov 2010
Bomb blasts in Abuja 1 Oct during celebrations of 50th anniversary of independence killed at least 12 people, while continued Islamist attacks prompted deployment of troops to Borno state capital. Initial statement by Niger Delta militant group MEND claiming responsibility for Abuja blasts later denied by former MEND leaders. Another former MEND leader Henry Okah arrested in South Africa in connection with bombings, denied involvement. President Jonathan claimed MEND not responsible; authorities detained and questioned Raymond Dokpesi, chief of staff of former military ruler and presidential candidate Ibrahim Babangida. MEND 15 Oct released statement threatening new Abuja attack, accusing govt of “harassing its perceived opponents” over 1 Oct bombing. Hundreds of troops deployed in northern city Maiduguri, Borno state capital, 13 Oct after wave of attacks blamed on Islamic sect Boko Haram, including 11 Oct attack on police station. Boko Haram 21 Oct posted threats throughout city bearing al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb logo warning against aiding security forces, breaking Sharia law. Police officer killed in 25 Oct suspected Boko Haram attack on Bauchi state checkpoint. In central Nigeria 6 Christian villagers killed in 26 Oct machete attack east of Jos, blamed on Muslim Fulani herdsmen; community leaders appealed for calm. Dozens of houses burned and 13 killed in land dispute between Boje and Nsadop communities in Cross River State, SE late month. National assembly 26 Oct approved postponement of general elections from Jan 2011 to April. Security services intercepted large weapons shipment in Lagos port late month, reportedly loaded in Iran.
Nigeria
| 1 Aug 2010
New head of electoral commission Attahiru Jega took office 1 July, promising sweeping reforms of body. Constitutional amendments passed by Senate 22 July and House of Representatives 27 July requiring elections be held 120-150 days before end of presidential term to allow time to resolve legal challenges; brings forward election date to Jan 2011 instead of Apr. Debate within ruling People’s Democratic Party over “zoning” policy, under which party’s candidates for president alternate between north and south, continued; President Jonathan yet to announce candidacy. Former deputy leader of radical Islamic sect Boko Haram, Abubakar Shekau, whom police claimed to have killed in July 2009 uprising, issued statement 14 July expressing solidarity with al-Qaeda in Iraq, threatening U.S. Isolated incidents of violence continued in middle belt/north: Christian and Muslim youths clashed in Wukari, Taraba State, 13 July in dispute over location of mosque, 4 killed; suspected Fulani Muslims 17 July attacked Christian community near Jos, Plateau State, 8 killed; Shiite, Sunni clash in Sokoto 20 July left 4 injured. Security forces 22 July defused bomb found in building in Jos. In Niger Delta, govt re-started rehabilitation and reintegration programmes for ex-militants, despite minor hitches. 1,000 self-proclaimed ex-militants 7 July staged protest in Abuja against exclusion from retraining programme. Gunmen blew up country home of impeached deputy governor of Bayelsa state 23 July against backdrop of political tensions between governor and deputy governor . Senate president David Mark 15 July called for state of emergency in southeastern states to stem increasing cases of kidnapping, including of 4 journalists and driver seized in Abia State 11 July, freed following week.
Nigeria
| 1 Jul 2010
Preparations for 2011 elections continued though President Jonathan has not yet said whether he will stand. State Council 8 June approved Jonathan’s nominee for electoral commission head, Attahiru Jega; still to be approved by parliament. Ruling People’s Democratic Party (PDP) early month said it had begun resolving internal tensions, would reinstate 19 pro-reform members suspended in Apr. Okwesilieze Nwodo, former governor of Enugu state, made new PDP chairman 17 June after former chairman Vincent Obgulafor, currently facing corruption charges, resigned. Several MPs fought in parliament after 11 MPs accusing house speaker Oladimeji Bankole of corruption were suspended. Nahu Ribadu, former head of corruption commission, returned to country early month amid speculation he will be made Jonathan’s special adviser on corruption. Niger Delta rebels continued to complain of delays in amnesty program, warned of new violence; rehabilitation program for 1st batch of 20,000 ex-rebels to start early July.
Nigeria
| 1 Jun 2010
President Yar’Adua died 5 May after long illness which fuelled uncertainty in recent months; acting President Jonathan sworn in next day. Jonathan appointed Namadi Sambo, relatively unknown governor of northern Kaduna state, VP 13 May; confirmed by parliament 18 May. Appointment raised speculation Jonathan may contest 2011 election despite party’s practice of alternating power between country’s north and south. Jonathan 30 May pledged electoral reform by end 2010. Ruling People’s Democratic Party Chairman Vincent Ogbulafor 14 May said he would resign next month after facing court on corruption charges 11 May. 4 killed in religious clashes in and near Jos 22, 23 May. Army 3 May reported increase in oil bunkering in Niger Delta amid delays in govt amnesty program for former militants. Jonathan 14 May promised to improve security, development in Delta and better coordinate education, reintegration efforts. Several kidnaps reported in Delta during month.
Nigeria
| 1 May 2010
Near-daily violence in North after Jan, March religious clashes which left hundreds dead: 3 killed in 5 Apr fighting between Muslims, Christians in Jos; pastor and wife killed 13 Apr in Muslim-majority Bauchi state; several killed in other clashes, attacks. Police 1 Apr charged 20 people in connection to March violence; more than 160 arrested. Acting President Jonathan continued effort to consolidate position: 6 Apr swore in new cabinet after senate 31 March confirmed his 38 nominees; included 13 members of old cabinet dissolved by Jonathan in March. Muslim, Christian leaders granted brief access to ailing President Yar’Adua 2 Apr, 5 Apr in 1st such visits since Feb return from 3-month hospitalisation abroad; critics said visits intended to undermine Jonathan. 19 senior members of ruling PDP party calling for internal reforms suspended late month; PDP chairman Vincent Ogbulafor 26 Apr charged with fraud. Former military leader Ibrahim Babangida announced plans to contest 2011 presidential election. Jonathan 28 Apr sent controversial electoral commission chairman Maurice Iwu on immediate leave. Several kidnappings in Niger Delta during month.
Nigeria
| 1 Apr 2010
Several major incidents of violence again erupted in north and south, while political situation remained fragile. Further attacks in Jos, Plateau State, in apparent retaliation for Jan violence: 500 mostly Christian women and children killed in 7 March attacks on 3 villages by Muslim Fulani gangs and 20 more killed in nearby village 16 March. Christian majority in region condemned military response as partisan. In Niger Delta, 3 militant attacks on oil installations over month, including 16 March bombing by dominant group MEND; no progress in regional peace process. Acting President Jonathan continued to consolidate position in power, 4 March inaugurating 26-man Presidential Advisory Council, dismissing National Security Adviser General Sarki Muktar, and 17 March dissolving cabinet. Appointments raised concerns among Muslim northerners Jonathan favouring Christians. Chair of electoral commission Maurice Iwu 16 March announced possible dates for 2011 elections of 22 Jan or 23 Apr; confirmation contingent on passage of electoral bills still before parliament. Opposition, civil society groups continued to demand Iwu’s replacement, citing inability to see through needed comprehensive reforms. Pirates attacked Turkish ship off Nigerian coast 25 March.
Nigeria
| 1 Mar 2010
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| Political tensions resulting from President Yar’Adua’s 3-month hospitalisation abroad continued, intensifying following his sudden return to Abuja 24 Feb. Media outlets and civil society groups 3 Feb issued appeal for Yar’Adua to hand over power. National Assembly 9 Feb approved motion declaring VP Goodluck Jonathan acting president. Jonathan quickly assumed presidential authority, delivering national address 9 Feb, minor cabinet reshuffle 10 Feb and elected ECOWAS chair 16 Feb. Sharp divides within cabinet and political elite over legitimacy of Jonathan’s leadership. Yar’Adua allies 9 Feb declared handover “unconstitutional”, filed legal challenges. Uncertainty increased with Yar’Adua’s return: accompanying high security and secrecy increased speculation over his capacity to govern; presidential camps issued conflicting statements over who was in charge. Senate 25 Feb voted for constitutional amendment requiring ill leaders to step aside after 14-day absence from office; requires National Assembly approval. Anambra state governorship election held 6 Feb, incumbent Peter Obi (opposition APGA) declared winner 7 Feb; marred by allegations of serious irregularities. Niger Delta violence at relative ebb, as Delta leaders urged restraint to allow Jonathan to push forward reforms. Previously unknown Joint Revolutionary Council (JRC) announced attacks on Shell pipeline in Rivers State, claimed fighting for “independent Niger Delta”.
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| For background, see Crisis Group Africa Briefing N°60, Nigeria: Seizing the Moment in the Niger Delta, 30 April 2009.
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Nigeria
| 1 Feb 2010
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| Muslim-Christian tensions again erupted in bloody clashes 17-20 Jan in Jos city, Plateau State, before military restored order. Police announced at least 320 killed, but aid workers and local leaders place death toll at over 550; 18,000 displaced, some 300 arrested. Also risks for sharp deterioration in Niger Delta, as militant group MEND 30 Jan announced end of 3-month ceasefire and promised “all out onslaught” on oil industry. Followed continuing delays in reintegration of ex-militants, rejection of reintegration arrangements by ex-militant coalition 26 Jan and fresh attacks on oil sites (MEND denied responsibility). Political scene still dominated by President Yar’Adua’s 2 month hospitalisation in Saudi Arabia, amid rising condemnation of governance deficit. Opposition and rights groups filed legal actions challenging Yar’Adua’s fitness to remain in office. Following 22 Jan court order demanding medically-informed decision, cabinet 27 Jan unilaterally declared president fit to govern; over 200 MPs 25 Jan petitioned for his impeachment. Senate 27 Jan called for procedures triggering appointment of VP, but federal court 29 Jan announced president not bound to hand over power. Amid confusion, defence chiefs warned officers against military coup. Nigeria added to U.S. terrorist watch list 5 Jan.
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| For background, see Crisis Group Africa Briefing N°60, Nigeria: Seizing the Moment in the Niger Delta, 30 April 2009.
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Nigeria
| 1 Jan 2010
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| Up to 70 killed in northern city Bauchi 28 Dec in clashes between Islamic religious sect Yan Kala Kato and police, reportedly after group broke ban on open-air preaching; details and death toll unclear, ICRC say most victims children. At least 30 killed in separate mid-month land clashes in central Nasarawa State. Intense debate over President Yar’Adua’s capacity to govern and potential political vacuum following his hospitalisation in Saudi Arabia late Nov. Niger Delta peace process looked increasingly fragile. Military Joint Task Force early month declared definitive end to conflict, 15 Dec announced it had destroyed 600 illegal cottage refineries. But peace talks stalled following Yar’Adua’s hospitalisation, and dominant militant group MEND 14 Dec stated President’s absence put ceasefire “at risk”. MEND 20 Dec announced “warning strike” carried out on Shell/Chevron pipeline, Rivers State. Govt 16 Dec appointed presidential committee to begin planning for distributing oil revenues and implementing development projects in Delta. Dutch court 30 Dec agreed to hear case brought by Friends of the Earth and 4 Nigerian farmers against Shell for environmental damage in Delta. Nigerian Muslim linked to al-Qaeda in Yemen attempted to blow up transatlantic flight 25 Dec.
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| For background, see Crisis Group Africa Briefing N°60, Nigeria: Seizing the Moment in the Niger Delta, 30 April 2009.
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Nigeria
| 1 Dec 2009
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| Govt continued efforts to consolidate peace in Niger Delta following amnesty program, but security remained fragile. Following President Yar’Adua’s 4 Nov request, parliament approved $2.3bn for post-amnesty development in region. Yar’Adua 14 Nov met representatives from MEND militant group – the “Aaron team” – and reported “fruitful” discussions. With no attacks on oil installations since July, production up by 500,000 bpd. Govt missed 11 Nov deadline for establishing militants rehabilitation centres; hundreds rallied in Port Harcourt 16 Nov to protest non-payment of Oct disarmament stipends. MEND 17 Nov accused govt of raiding former rebel leader’s home in Rivers State, threatening to retaliate. Signs of further divisions within MEND, with some militants voicing frustration with senior leadership/Aaron team. Leader of Bakassi Freedom Fighters Franklin Dukuku 12 Nov threatened to renounce amnesty pledge following reported expulsion of over 800 Nigerians by Cameroonian Gendarmes from Bakassi region early month. Sporadic insecurity, high-profile kidnappings continued across country. Anti-corruption drive continued: former Bauchi State governor Adamu Mu-azu barred from office, ordered to repay $10.3m in misappropriated funds; Abba Abacha, son of late dictator General Abacha, convicted of graft by Swiss authorities 20 Nov, and $350m assets seized.
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| Comment by Nnamdi Obasi (Crisis Group), “Yar’Adua Should Draw Up Roadmap to Delta Peace”, allAfrica.com, 30 Nov. 2009.
For background, see Crisis Group Africa Briefing N°60, Nigeria: Seizing the Moment in the Niger Delta, 30 April 2009.
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Nigeria
| 1 Nov 2009
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| Hopes for peace in Niger Delta increased following significant response from militants to govt amnesty offer prior to 4 Oct deadline, and MEND commitment to indefinite ceasefire. 3 militant leaders laid down arms in exchange for govt commitment to Delta development, militants’ rehabilitation; govt says 15,000 disarmed. MEND faction still rejecting amnesty threatened to resume attacks at 15 Oct expiry of ceasefire, but after 19 Oct talks with President Yar’Adua agreed to indefinite ceasefire effective 25 Oct to provide time for dialogue. Govt mid-month announced plans to accelerate Delta development, including proposed diversion of 10% oil revenues to local communities. Concerns remain, including number of weapons still in circulation, govt capacity to deliver DDR, militants’ response to govt’s 6 Oct plan to establish maritime security agency. In Borno State, enquiry into July Boko Haram violence submitted report 23 Oct detailing 800 deaths in Maiduguri. Hundreds still detained since July without conviction. Finance committee senator Iyiola Omisore (ruling PDP; Osun State) forced to step down late month after electoral appeals court ruled his 2007 election heavily rigged. Father of Anambra governorship candidate Chukwuma Soludo (ruling PDP) seized 27 Oct; kidnappers demanded $3.3m ransom. PDP’s Olabode George, ally of ex-President Obasanjo, convicted for corruption 26 Oct, jailed for 30 months.
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| For background , see Crisis Group Africa Briefing N°60, Nigeria: Seizing the Moment in the Niger Delta, 30 April 2009.
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Nigeria
| 1 Oct 2009
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| Govt officials announced talks held 1 Sept with 3 MEND leaders on govt amnesty and DDR offer, open to 4 Oct; talks reportedly covered MEND requirements for Delta development, personal security, withdrawal of govt troops from Ijaw-speaking areas. Govt insists some 6,000 have so far accepted offer, though doubts over effectiveness of process underscored by protests in Beyelsa State capital over non-payment of disarmament funds. MEND 15 Sept extended 3-month ceasefire beyond amnesty deadline to 15 Oct, though promising to resume attacks without govt action to address “root causes” of Delta unrest. MEND 29 Sept named mediation team to negotiate with govt. Signs of internal MEND divisions over participation in program. In north, head of Kano State prison expressed fears Islamist group Boko Haram (BH) preparing raids to free BH inmates arrested in June. Son of infamous former president Sani Abacha, Muhammad Abacha, announced plans to contest Kano governorship in future polls. Senior politician in Kaduna State kidnapped for ransom by unknown assailants 21 Sept.
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| For background, see Crisis Group Africa Briefing N°60, Nigeria: Seizing the Moment in the Niger Delta, 30 April 2009.
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Nigeria
| 1 Sep 2009
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| Govt ordered investigation into late July’s violent clashes in north, as death toll revised upwards to 700. Acting leader of Islamist group Boko Haram 6 Aug pledged to continue fight for total Islamisation of country, threatening attacks on southern cities; Yoruba leaders in southwest promised strong resistance. At least 600 arrested in mid-month police raid on Darul Islam mosque in western Niger State. In Niger Delta, govt amnesty program began 6 Aug, valid through 4 Oct. Govt said some 5,000 militants, including key commander Ebikobowei Victor Ben, accepted program, and 500 weapons surrendered over month. Dominant militant group MEND dismissed figures as “deceit”, alleged govt had purchased weapons. MEND maintained 2-month ceasefire, to end 15 Sept. Other armed groups continued to target energy facilities; 2 major gas sites in Delta state bombed 11 and 13 Aug. Banking industry engulfed in large-scale corruption scandal involving billions in unpaid loans. Anti-graft police said $170m recovered; 15 bank chief execs under investigation.
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| For background, see Crisis Group Africa Briefing N°60, Nigeria: Seizing the Moment in the Niger Delta, 30 April 2009.
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Nigeria
| 1 Aug 2009
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| Focus again shifted to North, as armed men from radical Islamic group Boko Haram (BH) – fighting for Islamic state – launched attacks on security forces 26-29 July in Bauchi (Bauchi State), Potiskum (Yobe State), Maiduguri (Borno State) and Wudil, near Kano: at least 400 killed, over 4,000 displaced. Govt forces 29 July stormed BH’s reported HQ in Maiduguri; leader Mohammed Yusuf arrested 30 July and hours later shot dead in custody, according to police whilst he was trying to escape; drew outcry from rights groups. In South: MEND militants in brazen assault struck major oil storage and distribution jetty run by state oil company NNPC near Lagos 12 July, killing 9. Yoruba Council of Elders warned attack was “invitation to inter-tribal war”, as Yoruba militia group OPC threatened retaliatory violence. Suspected senior MEND leader Henry Okah released from jail in Jos after accepting govt’s amnesty offer. MEND declared 60-day ceasefire 15 July. Concerns remain over whether ceasefire will hold and feasibility of govt’s amnesty DDR programme, as umbrella militant organisation JRC threatened to pull out and 6 Delta governors, playing key liaison role, to withdraw support over govt’s failure to address Delta interests in new Petroleum Industry Bill and outline post-amnesty plans. In 14 July protest move, parliament threatened to impeach President Yar’Adua over failure to implement 2009 budget fully; withdrew threat 29 July after executive, initially arguing budget unrealistic amid revenue shortfalls, pledged full implementation. Strikes continued across several sectors over welfare and salary levels.
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| For background, see Crisis Group Africa Briefing N°60, Nigeria: Seizing the Moment in the Niger Delta, 30 April 2009.
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Nigeria
| 1 Jul 2009
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| Military operations against Niger Delta militants continued into June, but scaled down. MEND launched string of attacks on oil targets over month, pledged in mid-month statement to extend focus from Delta to Bayelsa and Rivers States. Chevron-run flow station in Abiteye under fire 15 June; 3 Shell sites across Rivers State attacked 21 June; further attacks on ENI sites late month. Prompted ENI to declare force majeure on crude exports, while Shell suspended operations across western Niger Delta. Crude oil supplies to country’s 3 refineries also halted. President Yar’Adua 25 June announced amnesty program for Delta militants, valid until 4 Oct. MEND rejected; 4 leaders of other militant groups 26 June accepted but called for govt to clarify terms. Shell agreed $15.5m out-of-court settlement to families of Ogoniland environmental rights campaigners Ken Saro-Wiwa and 8 others hanged by military govt in 1995; case due to open for trial in U.S. mid-June; Shell denies complicity, claims payment designed to support reconciliation.
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| Comment by Richard Moncrieff (Crisis Group),
“Niger Delta Fumble”,
The Wall Street Journal, 10 June 2009.
For background, see Crisis Group Africa Briefing N°60, Nigeria: Seizing the Moment in the Niger Delta, 30 April 2009.
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Nigeria
| 1 Jun 2009
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| Govt’s Joint Task Force (JTF) responsible for Niger Delta security launched major ground, air and naval offensive against militants from 15 May, concentrated on western Delta. Hundreds of civilians feared killed and thousands displaced in ongoing violence, as military barred aid groups from accessing fighting zone. Operation signaled apparent decision by Yar’Adua govt to focus on military approach, as progress on development agenda continues to lag, and prompted concerns over potential to alienate moderates and diminish conflict resolution opportunities. Militant group MEND vowed “all out war”; killed 12 soldiers in ambush and destroyed major Chevron pipeline 25 May, shutting in 100,000 bpd; but observers doubt capacity to launch large-scale response. Re-run of governorship election in Ekiti State on 5 May delivered ruling PDP candidate to power, amid widespread reports of fraud and violence. Rally protesting election conduct in Ekiti on 25 May forcefully dispersed by police; 20 arrested and protesters allegedly beaten.
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| For background, see Crisis Group Africa Briefing N°60, Nigeria: Seizing the Moment in the Niger Delta, 30 April 2009.
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Nigeria
| 1 May 2009
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| President Yar’Adua 2 Apr hinted at “new rules of engagement” in Niger Delta, including possible amnesty plan and increased military presence. Militant groups received coolly; dominant group MEND stressed disarmament would follow full peace plan and international mediation. Govt troops, militants clashed in Nembe area, Bayelsa State, mid-month, with conflicting casualty claims. MEND released 1 of 2 UK hostages held since Sept 2008; but several seized by ransom-seeking gangs elsewhere in the country, including Canadian woman in Kaduna and retired Gen Peter Ademokhai in Edo State. U.S. on high alert after threats to attack U.S. mission in Lagos. Attack by Muslim youths on Easter procession in Gwada and Minna towns Niger State left scores dead as religious tensions again spilled over. Yar’Adua established inquiry into involvement of senior Nigerian officials in $150m bribes allegedly paid by U.S. company Halliburton subsidiary, but bar association and other civil society organisations doubt govt’s intentions. Re-run governorship polls in Ekiti State 25 Apr marred by fraud and violence.
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Nigeria
| 1 Apr 2009
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| 19 opposition parties late month announced they had united to challenge ruling PDP in 2011 elections, charging govt with widespread failures and running one-party state. Cabinet 11 March accepted proposals from govt-appointed Electoral Reform Cttee, but controversially rejected recommendation to transfer to judiciary president’s power to appoint electoral commission head; opposition and civil society leaders allege that without the measure electoral reforms cosmetic. Violence in Niger Delta continued with several attacks by main militant group MEND. Reports of gunmen raping theft and hijack victims. Govt yet to respond to 1 Dec technical cttee report on Delta crisis. Police 18 March reported Shiite group Islamic Movement of Nigeria running youth training camps at HQ in Zaria; group denied. Former governor of oil-producing Ondo State arrested 4 March over alleged embezzlement during office; promptly granted bail.
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| For background, see Crisis Group Africa Briefing N°54, Nigeria: Ogoni Land after Shell, 18 Sept. 2008.
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Nigeria
| 1 Mar 2009
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| Militant group MEND 7 Feb attacked Utorogu gas plant in Delta State, promised further assaults on oil targets to “dispel false sense of peace” in Niger Delta. Several attacks by unconfirmed groups, pointing to spread eastwards of criminal-militant Delta violence: Agip terminal in Bayelsa State attacked 22 Feb; in eastern Delta’s Akwa Ibom State, 3 injured when gunmen 17 Feb fired on Exxon housing compound. Same day, militants widely suspected to be from Niger Delta launched off-shore attack on Equatorial Guinea capital Malabo; E-G govt said attackers quickly repelled. 14 abducted across region as kidnappings continued; local notables increasingly targeted as many expat oil workers vacate insecure areas. Federal Court in Benin, Edo State, sentenced to 5 years 13 Filipinos arrested Nov 2008 for oil theft. Religious violence in Bauchi State 21 Feb saw 11 killed, over 450 displaced following mosque burning. Court 23 Feb removed Olusegun Agagu (PDP) as Ondo State governor, ordered Olusegun Mimiko (Labour Party) to be sworn in.
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| For background, see Crisis Group Africa Briefing N°54, Nigeria: Ogoni Land after Shell, 18 Sept. 2008.
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Nigeria
| 1 Feb 2009
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| Ongoing violence in Niger Delta and threat of renewed escalation overshadowed early-month signs of improving security, including decision by 2 major oil companies to lift emergency status. Militant and criminal attacks on on- and off-oil sites, kidnappings for ransom continued over month; 2 soldiers killed in 11 Jan militant attack on Bomadi oil facility. Govt troops arrested 1 senior militant, killed another early month, stepped up raids on militant bases; numerous civilians reportedly killed in 17 Jan operation near Port Harcourt. After late-month clashes in Rivers State, MEND 30 Jan called off Sept ceasefire, threatened “sweeping assault” on oil sites across region. In further religious violence, 5 killed, at least 100 injured in 9 Jan clashes between Muslims groups in Kaduna State. President Yar’Adua announced new economic team amid declining state revenues, dissatisfaction with pace of reform, but analysts doubt impact without shift from oil dependence.
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| For background, see Crisis Group Africa Briefing N°54, Nigeria: Ogoni Land after Shell, 18 Sept. 2008.
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