Region / country
period from
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84 results found
Indonesia
| 1 Aug 2010
Demonstrations demanding referendum on Papuan independence continued: some 2,500 in largely peaceful 8 July protest across province; protesters occupied provincial parliament in Jayapura. Papua activist Yusak Pakage, jailed for 2004 raising of Papuan independence flag, Morning Star, released from prison 8 July. National anti-graft NGO activist severely beaten in Jakarta 8 July amidst heightened media focus on police corruption; police denied responsibility, President Yudhoyono called for full investigation. Yudhoyono 16 July created by decree new National Body for Handling Terrorism reporting directly to him. 5 arrested late June in Klaten district (Java), including Jemaah Islamiyah associate Abdullah Sonata, officially named terrorist suspects by police 1 July. U.S. 23 July lifted 12-year ban on cooperation with TNI special forces unit Kopassus, originally imposed due to alleged human rights abuses.
Indonesia
| 1 Jul 2010
Papuan anger at Jakarta intensified over perceived failures in Papuan Special Autonomy. Papuan legislators demonstrated 1 June outside Jakarta Interior Ministry, after being denied meeting with interior minister Gunawan Fauzi to discuss delay in regional elections due to disagreement over Papuan regional election regulation requiring candidates to be indigenous Papuan. Papuan People’s Council held forum 9-10 June concerning Special Autonomy; culminated in 18 June estimated 2,000-person march to Papuan Legislative Assembly building to demand dialogue with Jakarta over perceived failure of Special Autonomy Law. In restive Puncak Jaya regency, separatists 14 June killed paramilitary policeman; further company of paramilitary police sent to regency next day to quell separatist attacks. 1 killed, 3 arrested in 23 June central Java anti-terror raid. Terror suspects Amir Abdillah and Mohamad Jobril sentenced 14, 29 June to 8, 5 years prison respectively for role in July 2009 hotel bombings. Former Free Aceh Movement leader Hasan di Tiro died of natural causes 3 June.
Indonesia
| 1 Jun 2010
Round up of suspected terrorists continued during month; 30 arrested, 5 killed in separate raids. Aris Susanto, aide to late militant leader Noordin Top, sentenced to 8 years on terrorism charges 31 May. Justice and Human Rights Minister Tarialis Akbar 17 May stated intention to release several Papuan political activists. Thousands demonstrated 18 May in Jayapura demanding govt implement decree requiring regional election candidates be indigenous Papuan amid continuing confusion over electoral laws. In Puncak Jaya regency, military 17 May killed suspected separatist; 21 May attack by suspected separatists on military post left 3 injured. Tribal conflict erupted in Timika 24 May. In East Java, police 21 May arrested 70 following violent protests over local electoral dispute outside Mojokerto regency assembly, 8 injured.
Indonesia
| 1 May 2010
Anti-terror operations continued: 6 arrested 11 Apr in Medan, linked to recent anti-terror actions in Aceh; 4 killed, 4 arrested in 12, 14 Apr raids in Aceh. 3 dead, over 130 injured in 14 Apr clashes in North Jakarta between public order officers (Satpol PP) and protestors trying to prevent alleged attempted demolition of religious site; hundreds of protestors 15 Apr called for review of Satpol PP. In Papua, 2 workers killed 13 Apr in Puncak Jaya, allegedly by Free Papua Movement fighters. 3 police officers injured, 25 civilians detained 15 Apr following tribal clashes in Kwamki Lama, Mimika. Police 22 Apr detained 20 West Papua National Authority demonstrators, protesting against recent Papua-Jakarta dialogue initiative, in Manokwari. Local elections in 32 districts postponed 18 Apr following disputes around Papua Customary Council decision to limit candidacy to indigenous Papuans.
Indonesia
| 1 Apr 2010
Police continued to hunt Islamic militants following Feb Aceh raid. 3 militants killed in 9 March shoot out in Tangerang, including explosives expert suspected of involvement in 2002 Bali bombings. 8 militants, 3 police, 2 civilians reported killed in clashes in Aceh during month; at least 27 arrested. In Papua, trial of KNPB pro-independence group leader Victor Yiemo for subversion began 11 March. KNPB demonstrators in Jayapura 18, 22 March called for provincial legislators to meet with U.S. President Obama during planned visit to discuss Papuan grievances; at least 15 protesters arrested. Other demonstrations held across province 22 March. Free Papua Movement (OPM) commander 15 March expressed willingness to participate in internationally-mediated dialogue with govt; army commander 24 March said Jakarta-Papua dialogue undermined national unity.
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Comment by Jim Della-Giacoma (Crisis Group), “Indonesia’s Papua: Of Roads and Road Maps”, Lowy Interpreter, 23 March 2010.
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Comment by Sidney Jones (Crisis Group), “Terrorism: What Have We Learned from Aceh?”, Tempo, 11 March 2010.
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Indonesia
| 1 Mar 2010
Police officer killed 15 Feb in Puncak Jaya, Papua; local bupati (regent) claimed killing not related to Free Papua Movement, police say otherwise; second killing in province this year after bus driver killed 27 Jan. 11 Feb murder of TV reporter followed by violent protests in Jayapura. Victor Kasiepo, spokesperson for West Papua Peoples Front, died of natural causes 31 Jan in home in Netherlands. 2 killed, 4 arrested 23 Feb during police raid on militant training camp in Aceh Besar; group’s affiliation unknown. Terrorism court hearings continued in Jakarta as Amir Abdillah, Noordin Top’s alleged driver, charged under anti-terror law, appeared in court 10 Feb. Saudi national Al Khelaiw Ali Abdullah, charged with financing July 2009 bombings, appeared in court 23 Feb. Human Rights Commission 9 Feb concluded report on investigation into 2004 death of rights activist Munir Said Thalib, stating police, prosecutors and judges performed poorly. Former head of Anti-corruption commission Antasari Azhar sentenced 11 Feb to 18 years for involvement in murder of businessman Nasrudin Zulkarnaen; 3 others also convicted.
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Indonesia
| 1 Feb 2010
Instability continued in Papua province: 3 police, 6 Freeport employees injured 24 Jan in ambush by unidentified gunmen; 3 killed as tribal groups clashed mid-month near Timika. Jeck Kemong named regional Free Papua Movement (OPM) commander 19 Jan, replacing Kelly Kwalik, killed Dec. OPM founder Nicholas Jouwe returned to Indonesia from Netherlands 12 Jan. In Aceh, Langsa city mayor 20 Jan dismissed local Sharia Police chief over rape allegations directed at 3 of his officers. Police 30 Jan announced capture of Eko Budi Wardovo, accused of May 2005 terror attack killing 22 in Poso.
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Indonesia
| 4 Jan 2010
Kelly Kwalik, leader of the armed wing of pro-independence Free Papua Movement (OPM), shot dead by police in Timika town 16 Dec during raid by counter-terror unit. Hundreds of mourners rallied in Timika 16-21 Dec, clashing briefly with police 19 Dec. Several arrested 1 Dec during rallies marking 40th anniversary of Act of Free Choice and Papua’s formal incorporation into Indonesia; banned Morning Star flag raised in various locations. Martti Ahtisaari, initiator of 2005 MoU between Aceh separatists GAM and Indonesian govt, visited Aceh 10-11 Dec to monitor peace process. Police 24 Dec arrested Baharudin Latif, father-in-law of Noordin Top, for terror-related activities.
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Indonesia
| 1 Dec 2009
Chief of anti-terror unit 19 Nov warned of risk from new terror cells, called for more power to detain suspects. Foreigners targeted in 3 shooting incidents in Aceh: head of German Red Cross delegation injured in 5 Nov attack, EU representative’s house fired at 16 Nov, and home of 2 U.S. teachers fired at 23 Nov; motives and perpetrators unknown. Govt began repatriating several hundred West Papuan refugees long resident in PNG. 5 former political prisoners 16 Nov raised banned Morning Star flag in front of Papuan provincial parliament; police quickly broke up peaceful demonstration. In separate case, 3 Papuans sentenced to 2- and 3-year jail terms for raising Morning Star in Manokwari Jan. Amnesty International 30 Nov called for investigation into human rights violations by police in Nabire district. Papuan Council chief rejected link alleged by govt between rebel leader Kelly Kwalik and recent attacks near Freeport mine.
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Indonesia
| 1 Nov 2009
President Yudhoyono inaugurated for 2nd term 20 Oct; 22 Oct cabinet announcement widely criticised for “political” choices. Police 9 Oct shot dead 2 suspected terrorists, bringing to 9 the total killed by police following July hotel bombings. Yudhoyono 30 Oct again intervened to support Corruption Eradication Commission after police detained 2 top agency officials. Sporadic violence continued in Papua as unidentified gunmen killed 1 worker, injured 3 others in 2 separate 20 Oct attacks near Freeport mine, injured soldier in 21 Oct attack. In Aceh, Legislative Council members 20 Oct agreed to review controversial Islamic criminal code after public outcry, opposition from rights groups. GAM founder Hasan di Tiro 17 Oct returned to Aceh for low-key visit.
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Indonesia
| 1 Oct 2009
Noordin Top, suspected mastermind of July hotel bombings and previous Bali, Jakarta attacks, killed 17 Sept during police raid, along with 3 other suspected terrorists; 3 arrested. Senior Muslim figures 25 Sept pledged support for govt counter-terror efforts at thousands-strong Solo rally. President Yodhoyono 16 Sept intervened to temporarily shelve controversial state secrets parliamentary bill, voiced support for beleaguered Anti-Corruption Commission. Violent incidents continued in Papua, with shots fired near Freeport mine 9, 13, 16 Sept, injuring 4. Spokesman for armed Papuan separatist group arrested on subversion charges. Indonesian Human Rights Committee NGO 2 Sept expressed concern at rising rights violations, displacement in Papua. 14 Sept passage of harsh Shari’a-influenced bylaw in Aceh caused alarm in Jakarta; implementation appears unlikely after Home Minister 16 Sept called for review.
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Indonesia
| 1 Sep 2009
Investigations into 17 July Jakarta hotel bombings continued; authorities 12 Aug confirmed principal suspect Noordin Top still at large despite initial claims he was among 4 suspects killed in police raids 8 Aug. Raids also uncovered assassination plot against President Yudhoyono. 3 arrested 19, 25 Aug, charged with helping finance July bombings. Constitutional Court 12 Aug rejected challenges by the 2 losing candidates questioning fairness of 8 July presidential election, finding no evidence of systematic electoral fraud; President Yuhoyono claimed victory 20 Aug. 2 further shooting incidents took place near Freeport mine in Papua with gunmen firing on employee buses; no injuries reported.
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Indonesia
| 1 Aug 2009
Suicide bomb blasts ripped through 2 luxury hotels in Jakarta 17 July, killing 9 and wounding dozens; another unexploded bomb later found at Marriot hotel. Splinter group of Jemaah Islamiyah led by fugitive Noordin Top suspected, in first such attacks in 4 years. Violence flared in Papua with string of attacks on Freeport’s Grasberg mine: Australian Freeport worker shot dead 11 July; mine guard and 1 police killed, 5 injured in shoot-out 12 July. Followed 8 July arson attacks on Freeport bus and security post. 3 more wounded by gunfire 22 July. 15 detained following attacks, including 2 Freeport workers; anti-terror police deployed to province. Following 8 July presidential elections, final result confirmed 24 July with incumbent Yudhoyono winning 60% of vote, 28 of 33 provinces. Losing candidates complained of violations, mounted legal challenge; claim that if vote were fair, Yudhoyono would not have won first round.
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Indonesia
| 1 Jul 2009
Campaigning for 8 July first round presidential election began 11 June; incumbent Yudhoyono continues lead in polls. Tensions with Malaysia rose, focussed on disputed Ambalat oil-rich territorial waters. Both sides accusing other of trespass; govt 10 June offered joint patrols in disputed waters, 20 June proposed July resumption of talks. Localised violent incidents continued in Papua. At least 3 killed after anti-terror police stormed isolated airstrip in Mamberamo 7 June, occupied since May by some 150 gunmen linked to Papua Free Movement. Army reported leaders were former army (TNI) deserters. Reports of further minor clashes in Central Highlands, including 24 June attack on convoy of police officers leaving 1 dead. Counter-terrorist police 21 June arrested 2 men on suspicion of terrorism.
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Indonesia
| 1 Jun 2009
Official election results 9 May confirmed President Yudhoyono’s Democratic Party in 1st place with 21% of vote. Yudhoyono ahead in opinion polls, 15 May chose central bank governor Boediono as running mate for 8 July presidential elections. Other 2 presidential candidates are VP Jusuf Kalla, leader of Golkar, and former president Megawati Sukarnoputri, leader of PDIP – both parties won around 14% of Apr vote. Partai Aceh announced as official winners of 9 Apr election for Aceh Legislative Council; secured 33 out of 69 seats. Constitutional Court investigating 53 allegations of election violations in Aceh. Police in Papua 15 May announced increased security measures ahead of elections.
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Indonesia
| 1 May 2009
9 Apr parliamentary elections saw President Yudhoyono ‘s Democratic Party emerge largest in parliament, tripling vote from 2004 election, placing him in strong position for July presidential elections. Election overshadowed by Central Electoral Commission’s poor performance, including outdated voter registry. Free Aceh Movement’s Partai Aceh (PA) emerged dominant for Aceh provincial legislative. 6 arrested early Apr for crimes including pre-election killings of PA members. Pre-election violence mostly restricted to Aceh, with 4 Apr murder of PA official. Papua saw string of violent incidents around election day, with at least 7 killed, dozens wounded in suspected rebel attacks; U.S. Sec State Clinton 22 Apr said govt needs to allow “degree of autonomy” in Papua.
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Indonesia
| 1 Apr 2009
Tensions remain high in Aceh ahead of 9 Apr legislative, presidential elections. Another Partai Aceh supporter found murdered in Nagan Raya 20 March; perpetrators unidentified. Widespread concerns raised late month about poor Central Electoral Commission preparations for national elections, potential for fraud. Polls show President Yudhoyono’s Democrat Party in lead. Low-level violence continued in Papua’s Puncak Jaya district with 2 civilians, 1 soldier killed in attacks blamed on group led by Goliath Tabuni.
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Indonesia
| 1 Mar 2009
Increasing pre-poll violence in Aceh: KPA-Bireuen secretary and Partai Aceh provincial legistature candidate shot dead at close range 3 Feb, 2 other KPA members shot dead 12 hours later, and 4th KPA member killed 19 Feb. Governor Yusuf welcomed role of foreign observers.
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For latest report, see Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°86, Local Election Disputes in Indonesia: The Case of North Maluku, 22 Jan. 2009.
Indonesia
| 1 Feb 2009
Tensions remained high in Aceh ahead of April national parliamentary polls. Security tightened in Poso late month after 2 small explosions 19-20 Jan.
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Indonesia
| 5 Jan 2009
President Yudhoyono 9 Dec signed controversial anti-pornography bill. Critics fear bill will encourage religious vigilantism, but constitutional review of bill likely. Communal violence flared 9 Dec in Masohi, central Maluku, after reports Christian teacher insulted Muslims; no confirmed deaths but 67 houses burned. 2 arrested in Papua for their role in earier peaceful pro-independence demonstration. Muchdi, former intelligence (BIN) deputy director, acquitted 31 Dec on charges related to 2004 death of human rights lawyer Munir; President Yudhoyono vowed to find murderers.
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For latest report, see Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°81, Indonesia: Pre-Election Anxieties in Aceh, 9 Sept. 2008.
Indonesia
| 1 Dec 2008
3 Jemaah Islamiyah members executed 9 Nov for role in 2002 Bali bombings. Country set on high alert over possibility of revenge attacks, but no violence reported in response.
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For latest report, see Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°81, Indonesia: Pre-Election Anxieties in Aceh, 9 Sept. 2008.
Indonesia
| 1 Nov 2008
GAM founder Hasan di Tiro made return visit to Aceh 11 Oct for first time in 30 years amid heightened tensions between Indonesian military and GAM. 2 British MPs established “International Parliamentarians for West Papua” 15 Oct; pro-independence demonstrations followed in Papua, several arrested. Terror group arrested 21 Oct, reportedly planning to bomb Jakarta oil depot.
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For latest report, see Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°81, Indonesia: Pre-Election Anxieties in Aceh, 9 Sept. 2008.
Indonesia
| 1 Oct 2008
Tensions in Aceh continued to mount ahead of Apr 2009 national parliamentary elections (see report below), including two grenade attacks, one on the home of former GAM military commander Muzakkir Manaf 9 Sept, the other targeting Partai Aceh 17 Sept.
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Indonesia
| 1 Sep 2008
1 killed in 9 Aug celebration of World Indigenous Day in Papua after police opened fire in response to raising of Morning Star flag. Trial of Muchdi, former intelligence (BIN) deputy director, in relation to 2004 death of human rights lawyer Munir, began 21 Aug in South Jakarta district court.
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For latest report, see Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°78, Indonesia: Implications of the Ahmadiyah Decree, 7 July 2008.
Indonesia
| 1 Aug 2008
Commission on Truth and Friendship, convened by Indonesia and Timor-Leste (T-L) to examine human rights violations in T-L in 1999, submitted final report to President Yudhoyono, T-L President Ramos-Horta 15 July. Report held Indonesian military, police and civilian govt “institutionally responsible” for abuses carried out by Timorese militias set up and armed by Indonesian military. Yudhoyono expressed regret for country’s actions, but legal action unlikely. Campaigning began for Apr 2009 parliamentary elections.
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Indonesia
| 1 Jul 2008
Govt issued 9 June decree “freezing” activities of Ahmadiyah sect, stopping short of full ban but giving into major pressure from hardline Islamic groups. 1 June attack on defenders of the sect led by Islamic Defenders Group injured 12. Former deputy intelligence chief Muchdi Purwopranjono detained 19 June in relation to 2004 murder of human rights lawyer Munir, highest-level suspect detained to date. Daily clashes continued in Ternate, North Maluku in dispute over post of governor between Golkar, Partai Demokrat candidates.
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Indonesia
| 1 Jun 2008
President Yudhoyono postponed implementation of attorney general’s office Apr recommendation to ban Ahmadiyah sect due to fears of violence against sect members. Hardline Muslims angry at delay. Leaked police documents suggested wanted militant Noordin Moh Top fled Indonesia earlier in year. Govt 24 May raised fuel prices nearly 30%, though poor to receive cash handouts; over 100 arrested after violent protests in Jakarta, protests spread to other cities.
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Indonesia
| 1 May 2008
Bakorpakem unit in attorney general’s office recommended ban on Ahmadiyah sect 16 Apr. In 21 Apr sentencing of Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) member Abu Dujana, Jakarta district court became first to declare JI a terrorist organisation. 10-year sentence for Timor-Leste militia leader Eurico Gutteres overturned by Supreme Court 3 Apr, leaving no convictions for crimes against humanity in 1999 violence.
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For most recent report, see Crisis Group Asia Report N°147, Indonesia: Jemaah Islamiyah’s Publishing Industry, 28 Feb. 2008.
Indonesia
| 1 Apr 2008
At least 5 killed in attack by unidentified mob on Aceh Transition Committee (KPA) office in Atu Lintang, Aceh, 1 March. 9 detained in Manokwari, West Papua, 13 March for flying Papuan Morning Star flag during protest against terms of Special Autonomy. 1 killed in clashes between refugees from Timor-Leste and locals in Atambua, East Nusa Tenggara 23 March.
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Indonesia
| 1 Mar 2008
Home Affairs minister announced 15 Feb government would not strike down Sharia-based local regulations as unconstitutional or against ideology of Pancasila. Aceh Governor Irwandi 2 Feb rejected government regulation on regional symbols (seen as “separatist”) as undermining regional autonomy laws.
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Indonesia
| 1 Feb 2008
Angry demonstrations brought South Sulawesi capital Makassar to standstill 17-20 Jan after Supreme Court overturned gubernatorial election result. Trial of Papuan human rights lawyer Iwanggin Sabar Olif for incitement began 7 Jan. Failure by Jakarta to release $45m in reintegration funds by end 2007 threw Aceh Reintegration Agency into further disarray. Former President Soeharto died 27 Jan, 10 years after end to 32-year rule.
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Indonesia
| 2 Jan 2008
Vice President Jusuf Kalla called on police to do more to stop attacks on Ahmadiyah sect and churches in West Java and Jakarta 18 December. Attacks followed November declaration by MUI ulama council identifying 10 criteria for determining deviant sects. 49 surrendered to police in Majalengka for attacks on sect there after ulama intervened.
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Indonesia
| 1 Dec 2007
Local government in Mimika, Papua, said ceasefire brokered in tribal warfare that has killed 8 since mid-October. Under pressure from Muslim hardliners, attorney-general’s office banned peaceful sect, Al-Qiyadah al-Islamiyah, and police arrested adherents. UN special rapporteur on torture visited 10-25 November.
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Indonesia
| 1 Nov 2007
Tribal clash in mid-October between Dani and Amungme tribes in Mimika, Papua; 8 reported killed. Crackdown on illegal weapons in Aceh after several high-profile armed robberies and murders by GAM members.
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Indonesia
| 1 Oct 2007
26 injured in clashes 1 September at swearing-in of new district chief in Southeast Aceh. Army Chief Djoko Santoso announced proposal to increase troop levels in Papua by adding 15,000-strong infantry division, a 100 per cent troop increase.
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For background, see Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°63, Indonesia: Jemaah Islamiyah’s Current Status, 3 May 2007.
Indonesia
| 1 Sep 2007
Clashes in Ternate 21-22 August between police and supporters of local sultan Mudfar Syah, disqualified from gubernatorial race, injured 21. Aceh Governor Irwandi announced plans 15 August for truth and reconciliation committee, but cited as legal basis law struck down by constitutional court December 2006. 2 homemade bombs exploded 1 August near Southeast Aceh parliament; no casualties. Jakarta court heard testimony 22 August alleging National Intelligence Agency involvement in murder of human rights activist Munir Thalib. But 2 of 4 witnesses retracted testimony, claiming statements made under police pressure. New military commander for Papua, Col. Siagaan, infamous for founding pro-Indonesia militias in East Timor in 1999, raised alarm with anti-separatism saying "military not afraid of human rights".
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Indonesia
| 1 Aug 2007
Former members of Aceh’s separatist rebel movement GAM established local political party under GAM negotiator Tengku Nazaruddin 7 July. Constitutional Court struck down 2 Dutch-era articles in penal code prohibiting public expressions of “hostility, hatred or contempt for the government” 17 July.
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Indonesia
| 1 Jul 2007
Indonesian counter-terrorism police arrested Islamist terrorist network Jemaah Islamiyah leader Zarkasih alias Nuaim and military commander Abu Dujana in central Java 9 June. District election campaign in Bireuen district, Aceh marked by low-level violence; GAM candidate won with over 60% of vote.
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For background, see Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°63, Indonesia: Jemaah Islamiyah’s Current Status, 3 May 2007.
Indonesia
| 1 Jun 2007
Rise in violent incidents in Aceh continued, including armed robberies and grenade attacks. Tensions with Jakarta grew over disagreements over province’s share in oil and gas revenues.
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For background, see Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°63, Indonesia: Jemaah Islamiyah’s Current Status, 3 May 2007.
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For background, see Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°64, Indonesia: Decentralisation and Local Power Struggles in Maluku, 22 May 2007.
Indonesia
| 1 May 2007
Jakarta began clarification of power-sharing arrangement with Aceh government. Home Affairs ministry’s draft regulation gave Jakarta lead role in 31 policy areas and broad authority over regional issues; Governor Yusuf protested. World Bank report said March most violent since tsunami in Aceh, highlighting recent rising local tensions. Strike at Freeport mine 18-21 April caused 20% hit to production; management agreed to demands for better pay, local development initiatives. West Irian Jaya formally renamed West Papua 18 April; governors and MRP agreed to implementation of Special Autonomy Law.
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Indonesia
| 1 Apr 2007
Anti-terror police group Detachment 88 acting on information from Poso, conducted raids in Java, arresting 7 with alleged connections to Jemaah Islamiyah and netting several hundred kg of explosives. In West Aceh district head run-off vote, GAM slate won over 76%, despite interference by Indonesian military (TNI) documented by EU monitoring team. Tensions between ex-GAM and TNI rising in North Aceh; 4 soldiers beaten on 22-23 March on suspicion of being spies, then retaliated by beating villagers several days later. In Papua, tribal conflict flared in Yoparu, Painai district, killing 9.
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Indonesia
| 1 Mar 2007
Irwandi Yusuf, former GAM commander, inaugurated as Aceh governor 8 February. Warming in relations between Papua and West Irian Jaya provinces marked by 20 February signing of agreement by both governors that reconciles creation of new “West Papua” in West Irian Jaya with terms of Special Autonomy Law; provinces will share management of autonomy funds.
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For background, see Crisis Group Asia Report N°127, Jihadism in Indonesia: Poso on the Edge, 24 Jan. 2007.
Indonesia
| 1 Feb 2007
Tension in Poso spiked 22 January after police raid on hideout of Jemaah Islamiyah-linked mujahidin and supporters resulted in gun battle killing 15 (including 1 policeman), on heels of 11 January raid killing 2. Deaths could boost jihadi recruitment but government moved swiftly to explain operation to Muslim leaders and secure their support. Police arrested 2 including most wanted suspect known as Basri 1 February. Military operations against Free Papua Movement in Yamol area reportedly displaced up to 3,000.
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For background, see Crisis Group Asia Report Nº127, Jihadism in Indonesia: Poso on the Edge, 24 January 2007.
Indonesia
| 2 Jan 2007
Surprise victory in 11 December Aceh gubernatorial elections for GAM leader Irwandi Yusuf, with 38% of vote. President Yudhoyono and other Jakarta officials accepted results. Constitutional Court struck down 2004 law on establishing Truth and Reconciliation Commission, criticised by victims groups and rights advocates for amnesty provisions and tying reparations to victims’ formal exoneration of perpetrators. Supreme Court overturned terrorism conviction of Abu Bakar Ba’asyir, former amir of Jemaah Islamiyah, 21 December after flimsy evidence presented by prosecutor. Free Papua Movement (OPM) rebels suspected in killing of 2 officers near Mulia 8 December.
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Comment by Sidney Jones (Crisis Group), “Priorities for a GAM-led government in Aceh”, Jakarta Post, 29 Dec. 2006.
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For background, see Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°57, Aceh’s Local Elections: The Role of the Free Aceh Movement (GAM), 29 Nov. 2006.
Indonesia
| 1 Dec 2006
Official election campaigning in Aceh began 24 November, ahead of 11 December polls. 2 days earlier Humam Hamid, candidate for governor supported by one GAM faction, attacked by rival faction in Bireuen. Differences over candidates have split GAM leadership, raising questions about movement’s political future. 87% of eligible voters registered. Trial of Hasanuddin and 2 other in 2005 beheading of 3 Christian schoolgirls in Poso began in Jakarta. Free Papua Movement rebel Antonius Wamang given life sentence 7 November.
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For background, see Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°57, Aceh’s Local Elections: The Role of the Free Aceh Movement, 29 November 2006.
Indonesia
| 1 Nov 2006
Violence continued to flare in Poso, Sulawesi, after 22 September executions of 3 Christian militants. String of attacks against Christians, including shooting of chief pastor 16 October, led national police chief to call for lower evidence thresholds for internal security. In Aceh, rift in GAM appeared to deepen in advance of 10 December local elections, which could benefit non-GAM candidates by splitting vote. Campaigning due to begin 6 November: 100 EU and 40 Japanese election monitors expected, supporting local observers and sharply reduced Aceh Monitoring Mission contingent.
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For background, see Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°53, Papua: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions, 5 Sept. 2006.
Indonesia
| 1 Oct 2006
3 Christians executed 22 September for role in May 2000 Poso religious violence: sparked rioting in Sikka, Flores and Atambua, West Timor, where over 1,000 targeted government buildings and broke into jail, freeing inmates. Rioters’ anger fuelled by belief trials unfair and lighter sentences given to Muslim attackers. Police reinforcements sent to Poso 30 September to address rising communal tension after church burned and man stabbed by mob. EU extended mandate of Aceh Monitoring Mission until 15 December but sharply reduced size to 36 monitors from 85. 11 teams formally applied to contest 10 December gubernatorial elections in Aceh, including GAM team running as independents and GAM member on another party slate. Fighting broke out again between Dani and Damal tribes in Kwamki Lama, Papua in war that began in July; death toll now 17. Tensions rose over massive displacement caused by “mud volcano” triggered by gas exploration in East Java, 10,000 homeless since May.
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Papua: Answers to Frequently Asked Questions, Asia Briefing N°53, 5 September 2006
Indonesia
| 1 Sep 2006
Officials announced landmark Aceh elections for governor and local positions to be held 11 December. Election preparations revealed split in GAM between Sweden-based leaders and younger, Aceh-based group. Anniversary of peace deal saw huge demonstration in Banda Aceh organised by GAM and pro-referendum organisation, SIRA: both celebration of peace and protest against Jakarta for reducing level of autonomy offered in original agreement. Signs of progress in resolving partition of Papua under Special Autonomy. President Yudhoyono stated his commitment to single Papuan People’s Council and tasked legal experts with drafting revisions to autonomy law to accommodate West Irian Jaya.
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For most recent report, see Crisis Group Asia Report N°117, Islamic Law and Criminal Justice in Aceh, 31 July 2006.
Indonesia
| 1 Aug 2006
Parliament passed delayed Aceh government law 11 July providing provincial control over all matters except defence, security, national development planning, justice, foreign affairs, finance, conservation and some religious matters. Free Aceh Movement (GAM) expressed concerns new law did not reflect terms of Helsinki agreement, particularly with respect to authority of Aceh government; large protest strike held in Aceh. 10 killed in fighting between Dani and Damal tribes in Papua. Tsunami following earthquake killed over 600 and displaced at least 45,000 in West Java.
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Indonesia
| 1 Jul 2006
Radical cleric Abu Bakar Ba’asyir, former leader of Jemaah Islamiyah, released after serving 26 of 30-month sentence. Human rights groups raised concerns over enactment of district-level regulations inspired by Sharia law and which may discriminate against women. 56 MPs signed petition urging head of parliament to write to president requesting these be revoked, while 134 MPs signed counter-petition. EU unlikely to extend Aceh Monitoring Mission beyond September but will send election observers to monitor local polls, doubtful before November. Concerns in Aceh that draft Aceh government law, to be passed July, does not sufficiently reflect spirit or letter of August 2005 Helsinki peace accord.
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For most recent report, see Crisis Group Asia Report N°114, Terrorism in Indonesia: Noordin’s Networks, 5 May 2006.
Indonesia
| 1 Jun 2006
State of emergency declared in Yogyakarta after 5.9 magnitude earthquake 27 May killed 6,000 and displaced 650,000. Draft law on Aceh governance still being debated in parliament with human rights provision, extent of Islamic law application and other issues unresolved. Thousands protested delays, calling for quick approval to allow provincial elections - now not likely before 15 September. EU-led Aceh Monitoring Mission’s mandate extended until mid-September to oversee polls. Dissension within GAM reportedly growing over election participation. Relations with Australia thawed after Papua asylum issue tension; FMs Wirayuda and Downer met 15 May and announced Indonesia’s ambassador, recalled in March, would return to Canberra. Tensions remained in Papua: trials of suspects in Abepura riots began 17 May. In Central Sulawesi, police arrested several men led by JI member on suspicion of October 2005 beheading of 3 Christian schoolgirls; later aired taped confession. Further trials in connection with 2005 Bali bombs began 9 May.
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Indonesia
| 1 May 2006
Unrest continued in Papua with 10 April attack on army in Keerom regency blamed on Free Papua Movement rebels; 4 killed. Diplomatic relations soured with Australia as Jakarta accused Canberra of meddling in internal affairs by giving 42 Papuan asylum-seekers temporary visas in March. Parliamentary discussion continued past initial 31 March deadline on draft Law on Government in Aceh - key element of peace process - delaying gubernatorial elections in province. VP Jusuf Kalla said polls, originally scheduled for April, may be held in August if parliament passes bill in May, and asked for EU-led Aceh Monitoring Mission to remain for elections. 2 Free Aceh Movement (GAM) leaders previously in exile, including designated GAM PM Malik Mahmud, in 19 April Aceh visit. Timing of possible execution of 3 Catholics in Central Sulawesi for involvement in Poso conflict remains unclear; Supreme Court formed panel of judges to consider reviewing case. Police raid on house in Central Java 29 April killed 2 accomplices of wanted militant Noordin Top.
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For background, see Crisis Group Asia Briefings N°48, Aceh: Now for the Hard Part, 29 Mar. 2006; and N°47, Papua: The Dangers of Shutting Down Dialogue, 23 March 2006.
Indonesia
| 1 Apr 2006
Jakarta increased security presence in eastern province of Papua amidst increasing unrest. Violent protests erupted in Timika, Jayapura and Jakarta, demanding closure of Freeport mine due to concerns over local land rights and environmental degradation. 4 police and airforce officer killed in 16 March clash with protesters in Jayapura. Parliament missed 31 March deadline for approval of law on Aceh autonomy. Aceh Monitoring Mission scaled down as half foreign monitors withdrawn, rest to remain until 15 June. Government launched new reintegration program in Aceh late March involving cash disbursements to former GAM combatants and militia for economic empowerment projects, but questions raised over accountability mechanism. Supreme Court reinstated 10-year verdict for former East Timorese militia leader Eurico Guterres; all other defendants acquitted.
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Indonesia
| 1 Mar 2006
Draft bill on Aceh governance under consideration in parliament; key issues include participation of independent candidates in local elections scheduled for June and formation of local political parties. Target deadline for new law 31 March. EU/ASEAN Aceh Monitoring Mission extended for 3 months (until 15 June). Diplomatic tension with Timor Leste eased after President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono met President Gusmao Xanana to discuss UN-backed report on Indonesian human rights violations in former province. Deadline for decision on legal status of West Irian Jaya province passed 20 February without resolution. Heavy sentences on terrorism charges handed down in Ambon: Asep Jaja, man who led attack on paramilitary police post in May 2005, sentenced to death, while 2 others given life in prison. Mostly peaceful demonstrations against Danish cartoons took place throughout country.
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For background, see Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°44, Aceh: So Far, So Good, 13 Dec. 2005.
Indonesia
| 1 Feb 2006
Peace process entering difficult phase after smooth GAM decommissioning and withdrawal of “non-organic” security forces. Divisions appeared in GAM over reintegration funds not reaching lower ranks. Government submitted draft of new Aceh governance law to parliament on 26 January: degree to which final law adheres to Helsinki agreement will be crucial test of good faith. Vice President Kalla met GAM leadership in Finland to evaluate implementation of peace process. EU announced extension of Aceh Monitoring Mission until 15 June 2006. Police arrested 10 suspected of assisting terrorist mastermind Noordin M. Top; 6 formally charged. Apparent failed assassination attempt against Poso police chief second direct attack on police in Poso since October. 8 suspects arrested 11 January in Timika, Papua, for involvement in August 2002 fatal attack on convoy of American-owned mining company. Security forces fired on civilians in Paniai, Papua, killing 1, 20 January; National Human Rights Commission conducting investigation.
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Comment by Sidney Jones (Crisis Group), “Asking the right questions to fight terror”, The Jakarta Post, 9 Jan. 2006.
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For background, see Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°44, Aceh: So Far, So Good, 13 Dec. 2005.
Indonesia
| 1 Dec 2005
Aceh peace process continued: GAM ended third round of disarmament program 22 November, again handing over required weapons. Violence continued in Poso with 2 more schoolgirls (1 Christian, 1 Muslim) shot in head, both survived: but no new conflict. Malaysian bomb-maker Azhari Husin, suspected chief technician behind Bali bombs, killed in East Java police operation 9 November. Noordin Mohamad Top, main strategist behind JI attacks, remains at large. Police identified all 3 suicide bombers from October attacks, 2 from West Java and 1 from Central Java. 42 indigenous Papuans inaugurated as members of long-awaited Papuan People’s Council (MRP) 31 October by Interior Minister Mohammad Ma’ruf. Meetings between central government, leaders of MRP, Papuan and West Irian Jaya provincial government leaders 24-25 November resulted in agreement to settle legal status of controversial new province. U.S. State Department lifted Congress-approved arms embargo against Indonesia. Crisis Group South East Asia Project Director Sidney Jones refused entry to country 24 November, but allowed to return within week.
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“Crisis Group Shocked at New Ban on Sidney Jones”, Crisis Group Statement, 25 Nov. 2005.
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For background, see Crisis Group Asia Report N°103, Weakening Indonesia’s Mujahidin Networks: Lessons from Maluku and Poso, 13 Oct. 2005.
Indonesia
| 1 Nov 2005
1 October Bali blasts killed 23 and wounded 146; police circulated photos of 3 suicide bombers but produced no leads. Vice President Jusuf Kalla expressed need to monitor particular Islamic boarding schools as part of effort to control extremist ideology. Tensions sharply raised in Poso, Sulawesi, after 3 Christian schoolgirls beheaded 30 October. Indonesian military completed second of 4-phase Aceh pull-out: approximately 12,000 troops and 2,500 police have now left province; in return GAM surrendered 476 weapons. Government disbursed initial payment of $100 per GAM combatant early October in block sums to local GAM commanders to distribute; precise mechanism to demobilise and assist 3,000 GAM fighters remained uncertain. Establishment of Papuan People’s Council scheduled for 15 October further delayed, prompting interior ministry to announce will press ahead with gubernatorial elections.
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Comment by Sidney Jones (Crisis Group), “Terrorism’s toxic strains”, The Age, 5 Oct. 2005.
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Comment by Sidney Jones (Crisis Group), “The lessons from the latest Bali bombings”, The Wall Street Journal, 4 Oct. 2005.
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For background, see Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°40, Aceh: A New Chance for Peace, 15 Aug. 2005.
Indonesia
| 1 Oct 2005
| Positive developments in Aceh offset by bombings in Bali being reported 1 October as CrisisWatch going to press. Aceh peace process continued to unfold smoothly. First stage of disarmament and troop withdrawals ended: GAM turned in 25% of weapons, 6,000 troops and additional 1,300 paramilitary mobile brigade (Brimob) police reportedly withdrawn. Aceh Monitoring Mission made first ruling, saying GAM responsible for armed clash wounding 2 soldiers. 3 bombs detonated in Bali 1 October; early reports 22 dead, casualty figures expected to increase. Attacks against churches and Ahmadiyah sect in West Java raised concerns about growing Islamic radicalisation and police inaction. Military presence in Papua steadily growing. Long-awaited Papuan People’s Assembly to be established early October after key figures previously threatened to pull out. Navy fired on Chinese fishing vessel in Arafura Sea 19 September, killing 1; 10 crew remain in detention.
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Indonesia
| 1 Sep 2005
Historic peace agreement signed between Free Aceh Movement (GAM) and government in Helsinki 15 August. GAM and Indonesian military met 22 August to decide on new security arrangements: meeting described as positive by EU and ASEAN monitors. All military movements of more than platoon size to require prior notification of head of monitoring mission. Government released over 1,400 prisoners 31 August as part of agreement. Elsewhere, 2 Muslim men shot dead in Poso suburb 3-4 August in suspected reprisal attacks for giving information to police about other recent incidents in area. Papua saw one of its largest demonstrations ever over slow implementation of Special Autonomy: 10,000 marched to provincial parliament in Jayapura 12 August demanding law be reviewed. Supreme Court rejected radical cleric Abu Bakar Ba’asyir’s final appeal 6 August but sentence reduced by 4.5 months under annual Independence Day remission. Australian Embassy bomber Achmad Hassan received life sentence 23 August. 9 injured by small bomb 25 August at market in Ambon in first incident there since May.
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Indonesia
| 1 Aug 2005
Encouraging developments in peace talks between government and Free Aceh Movement (GAM). Memorandum of understanding initialled 17 July, formal peace agreement to be signed 15 August. Draft deal agreed after fifth round peace talks, mediated by Crisis Management Initiative, headed by former Crisis Group Chair and Finnish President Martti Ahtisaari. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono ordered Indonesian military to end Aceh offensive in effort to help peace process after clashes left 10 dead. Government announced troop reduction between September and December - Jakarta’s control of army key to making peace process work.
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For background, see Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°37, Decentralisation and Conflict in Indonesia: The Mamasa Case, 3 May 2005.
Indonesia
| 1 Jul 2005
Jakarta rejected key Free Aceh Movement (GAM) peace talk demand GAM be allowed to run as local party in elections. Security Minister said Jakarta could not agree since would necessitate changes to law requiring parties be nationally based. Fifth round of talks to start from 12 July in Helsinki. Bloody clashes reported almost daily since peace talks began in January; army said would continue to fight GAM until deal reached. Security forces and GAM blamed each other for non-fatal shooting of Aceh aid worker 23 June. First ever direct elections for local government officials proceeding relatively peacefully, even in former conflict areas. Central Kalimantan candidate for governor who helped foment violence against ethnic Madurese in 2001 received only 4% of vote.
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Comment by Sidney Jones (Crisis Group), “The changing face of terrorism in Indonesia”, Wall Street Journal, 8 June 2005.
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For background, see Crisis Group Asia Briefing N°37, Decentralisation and Conflict in Indonesia: The Mamasa Case, 3 May 2005.
Indonesia
| 1 Jun 2005
Bomb blasts 28 May in Tentena, majority Christian town near Poso, Central Sulawesi, site of serious Christian-Muslim fighting 1999-2001, killed at least 20. Indonesian negotiators and Free Aceh Movement (GAM) started fourth round of Helsinki peace talks 26 May: discussed GAM demand for locally-based political parties and document on security issues. Next round of talks set for July. Despite talks and 19 May end of civil emergency, Indonesian military stepped up operations in Aceh. On Moluccan island of Ceram, gunmen attacked paramilitary (Brimob) police unit 16 May, killing 6 and raising fears of return to sectarian violence. 14 arrested, 2 of whom were police, others believed members of Laskar Mujahidin militant group responsible for attacks in Maluku, February 2005. Apparently unrelated border dispute between 2 villages in Southeast Maluku 27 May killed 3, injured 51. U.S. embassy and consulates closed 26 to 31 May after detailed floor plans found on jihadist web site. Security stepped up at Australian, British, and Japanese embassies.
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For background, see Crisis Group Asia Report N°92, Recycling Militants in Indonesia: Darul Islam and the Australian Embassy Bombing, 22 Feb. 2005.
Indonesia
| 1 May 2005
Third round talks between government delegation and Free Aceh Movement (GAM) held Helsinki under former Finnish president Martti Ahtisaari. Both sides agreed definition of special autonomy - “self-government of Aceh province within the Republic of Indonesia” but key security issues unresolved; next talks due late May. Clashes between Indonesian military (TNI) and GAM continued. Aceh governor Abdullah Puteh found guilty of graft; sentenced to 10 years 11 April but later released into “city arrest” due to “health” concerns’. TNI to give up lucrative enterprises within 2 years as part of reforms but will keep cooperatives and foundations. Violence re-erupted Mamasa district of West Sulawesi province 24 April killing 4; fifth outbreak since Mamasa created 2002. Political parties voted for new (non-parliamentary) heads for next 5 years: House of Representatives deputy speaker Muhaimin Iskandar - National Awakening; Businessman Soetrisno Bachir - National Mandate Party; Vice President Jusuf Kalla for largest party, Golkar; former president Megawati Sukarnoputri re-elected leader of Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle.
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For background, see Crisis Group Asia Report N°92, Recycling Militants in Indonesia: Darul Islam and the Australian Embassy Bombing, 22 Feb. 2005.
Indonesia
| 1 Apr 2005
Despite 3rd round Helsinki talks between government and Free Aceh Movement (GAM) scheduled for 12-17 April, security officials vowed to intensify operations against rebels. Jakarta announced extension by up to 2 months of 26 March deadline for aid agencies to leave Aceh. Devastation returned to region with 28 March earthquake near Nias island off coast of Sumatra. Tensions with Malaysia over disputed oil concessions off coast of Borneo, near Sebatik, led to increased military presence in area but diplomatic rhetoric generally restrained. Simmering unrest in Ambon as Muslim/Christian attacks 5 and 21 March left several injured. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono ordered police and military “intelligence operation” to capture culprits. Military announced 15,000 troops from Kostrad (Strategic Reserve Command) to be deployed to Papua province over next 4 years, bringing total to more than 50,000. Radical Islamic cleric Abu Bakar Ba’asyir found guilty of conspiracy over October 2002 Bali bombings, sentenced to 30 months in jail, but sentence could be overturned on appeal due to weak case.
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For background, see Crisis Group Asia Report N°92, Recycling Militants in Indonesia: Darul Islam and the Australian Embassy Bombing, 22 Feb. 2005.
Indonesia
| 1 Mar 2005
Second round of talks between Free Aceh Movement (GAM) and government in Helsinki described as “constructive” by former Finnish President Martti Ahtisaari, chief mediator. Indonesian government claimed GAM dropped independence demand, but this denied by GAM spokesman, Bakhtiar Abdullah. Both sides agreed to discuss “self-government” but not clear any common ground. Next round of talks scheduled for 12 April. Corruption in aid distribution remains major concern, while army claimed GAM attempting to infiltrate IDP camps. Army killed 7 suspected rebels 7 February. Charge dropped against radical Islamic cleric Abu Bakar Ba’asyir of planning or inciting terrorist acts, requested sentence of 8 years for lesser charges. U.S. State Dept. restored Jakarta's eligibility for International Military Education and Training program in significant step towards restoration of full military ties - cut in 1991 due to rights concerns.
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For background, see Crisis Group Asia Report N°90, Indonesia: Rethinking Internal Security Strategy, 20 Dec. 2004.
Indonesia
| 1 Feb 2005
Positive development in Aceh peace process as talks, under chairmanship of former Finnish President Martti Ahtisaari, held in Helsinki between government and exiled leadership of Free Aceh Movement (GAM) 27 January. Both parties agreed to “try to refrain from hostilities” while aid operations are ongoing in Aceh - and to resume discussions 21 February. But no formal ceasefire agreed; before talks military claimed to have killed 206 rebels in previous month. Once closed to foreign journalists and aid groups, Aceh now crammed with Indonesian and international relief agencies (including evangelical Christian and hardline Muslim groups) and over dozen foreign militaries. As of 25 January, 228,164 Indonesians reported dead or missing as result of tsunami. Witnesses at 2nd trial of radical Islamic cleric Abu Bakar Ba’asyir on charges relating to Bali and Marriott bombs continued to backtrack on Ba’asyir’s involvement. Decree signed clearing way for creation of Papuan People’s Council, but Papuan provincial leaders expressed concern over government plans to include newly-created and legally controversial West Irian Jaya province on list of regions to hold direct elections of regional heads in 2005.
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“The Aceh stalemate”, Laksamana Net, 31 Jan. 2005.
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Comment by Gareth Evans (Crisis Group), “Optimism rises after the tsunamis”, Financial Times, 11 Jan. 2005.
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Comment by Sidney Jones (Crisis Group), “Will Indonesia seize its chance?”, BBC, 8 Jan. 2005.
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For background, see Crisis Group Asia Report N°90, Indonesia: Rethinking Internal Security Strategy, 20 Dec. 2004.
Indonesia
| 2 Jan 2005
Aceh peace process continued smoothly but major hurdles on horizon while bloodshed continued in Central Sulawesi. Final phase of 24,000 non-local troop withdrawal from Aceh began 20 December, while former rebels handed over last of weapons. GAM announced its Acehnese National Army to be dissolved and replaced with non-military committee designed to oversee GAM’s transformation into political movement. Move greeted with scepticism by Indonesian military, which announced plan to send 15 engineering battalions to help with reconstruction; GAM expected to protest to Aceh Monitoring Mission. At least 7 killed by bomb in predominantly Christian market in Palu, Central Sulawesi, 31 December. Attack came after plans to execute Florinese Catholic and 2 others for role in May 2000 massacre of over 100 Muslims, raised concerns of renewed unrest.
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Comment by Gareth Evans (Crisis Group), “Aceh is building peace from its ruins”, International Herald Tribune, 23 Dec. 2005.
Indonesia
| 1 Jan 2005
Devastating impact of 26 December earthquake and tsunami left as many as 100,000 dead, most in Aceh: much of conflict-wracked province in ruins, including local government structures. Free Aceh Movement (GAM) declared unilateral ceasefire, but longer term impact of disaster as yet unclear, with much depending on how relief and reconstruction effort handled: if well, central government stands to win major new support, but if poor coordination continues, or serious corruption takes place, GAM independence movement will be major beneficiary. Restrictions on access by international aid agencies and foreign media lifted. Vice-President Jusuf Kalla elected head of Golkar, auguring better relations between executive and legislative branches. Corruption Eradication Commission arrested Aceh governor Abdullah Puteh 7 December, pending trial for alleged involvement in 2002 graft case. Minister of Defense Juwono Sudarsono announced government to take over military business enterprises with assets worth U.S.$550,000 or more. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s government announced multi-agency intelligence teams to be set up throughout Indonesia to boost security. Five injured in 12 December attacks on 2 churches in Palu, Central Sulawesi province.
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“Suharto’s shadow”, The Guardian, 20 Dec. 2004.
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For background, see Crisis Group Asia Report N°83, Indonesia Backgrounder: Why Salafism and Terrorism Mostly Don’t Mix, 13 Sept. 2004.
Indonesia
| 1 Dec 2004
Police arrested 4 in connection with 9 September bombing outside Australia's Jakarta embassy, including field commander for attack, Rois; other main suspects, Malaysian JI members Noordin Mohamad Top and Azhari Husin, remain at large. President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) extended emergency rule in Aceh for further 6 months; vowed to seek alternative methods to end violence. More violence in central Sulawesi: bomb on Poso bus 13 November killed 6; police found severed head of Christian chief of Pinedapa village 5 November; and clash between 2 Muslim groups in Donggala 3 November killed 2. Approximately 100 Papuans, apparently members of Free Papua Movement (OPM), ambushed convoy of officials from Puncak Jaya district 12 November, killing 1. Local human rights groups called for investigation, believe incident directed by military but evidence unclear. Two people killed and 5 wounded in separate land disputes involving plantations in Riau and Jambi provinces, Sumatra 23-24 November.
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“A gleam of light”, The Economist, 11 Nov. 2004.
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For background, see ICG Asia Report N°83, Indonesia Backgrounder: Why Salafism and Terrorism Mostly Don't Mix, 13 Sept. 2004.
Indonesia
| 1 Nov 2004
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono sworn in as Indonesia’s first directly elected president 20 October; said priorities are fighting corruption, creating jobs and bringing peace to Aceh and Papua, though has yet to articulate concrete policies. West Sulawesi communal violence killed at least 3 as Muslim sub-districts rejected incorporation into newly created Christian-majority Mamasa district. Central Sulawesi violence killed 3 in Poso and Donggala districts. In Papua, 2 attacks allegedly by Free Papua Movement rebels killed 5 civilians in Puncak Jaya 12,14 October - 800 residents evacuated from area; 2 suspects detained by police for questioning; 4 killed, including priest, reportedly by shots fired from army helicopter. Investigations into 9 September Australian embassy blast indicated joint operation by Malaysian JI members Noordin Mohamad Top and Azhari Husin, in collaboration with Darul Islam splinter group from Banten, West Java. Police hunting 4 men after small explosion and discovery of live bombs in house in Sukabumi, West Java 14-15 October. Clashes continued in Aceh, reportedly killing 35 Free Aceh Movement rebels, 1 soldier 28-31 October. Man arrested in Sukabumi 21 October for possession of explosives. Second trial of Abu Bakar Ba'asyir on charges relating to Bali and Marriott attacks began 28 October.
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Indonesia
| 1 Oct 2004
| Former general Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) defeated incumbent Megawati Sukarnoputri in landslide election victory with 61% of votes. Optimism, but not yet clear SBY’s acknowledgment of need for non-military solutions to Aceh and Papua will lead to new policies. On downside, major bombing outside Australian Embassy Jakarta 9 September highlighted continued terrorist threat. Bomb killed 9, injured over 180. Appears to be work of Malaysian JI bomb experts Azhari Husin and Noordin Mohamad Top in collaboration with non-JI group from West Java. Police arrested more than 12 suspects, but Azhari and Noordin, on run since Bali, continue to elude capture. Fighting continued in Aceh; Free Aceh Movement’s (GAM) Eastern commander Ishak Daud killed Peureulak 8 September; first senior GAM commander killed since military operation began May 2003. Human Rights Watch report accused government of torture, ill-treatment and unfair trials. Five districts in southeast Aceh granted permission to create separate province, Aceh Leuser Antara, in repeat of ill-fated Papua process, but timetable remains unclear.
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Comment by Sidney Jones (ICG), “Looking ahead in Indonesia”, International Herald Tribune, 24 Sept. 2004.
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“In Indonesia, rays of better days ahead”, International Herald Tribune, 24 Sept. 2004.
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Comment by Sidney Jones (ICG), “How much can we learn from past behavior?”, The Tempo, 21 Sept. 2004.
Indonesia
| 1 Sep 2004
Run-off vote between incumbent president Megawati Sukarnoputri and former general Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono to be held 20 September. Fighting escalated in Aceh in lead-up to Indonesian national day 17 August. Additional troops deployed to Free Aceh Movement (GAM) strongholds, where they reportedly forced villagers to fly national flags. GAM rebels launched series of grenade attacks 17 August, killing civilians at national day ceremonies as well as security personnel throughout province. Villagers from Wei and Dambo tribes armed with arrows and machetes clashed in Papua’s Keerom district 13 August in dispute over national day commemoration. Approx. 1,000 people gathered in Papua’s capital, Jayapura, for peaceful rally calling for UN to convene Timor-Leste style referendum. Free Papua Movement (OPM) guerrillas ambushed army garrison in Papua’s Puncak Jaya district 17 August; 2 OPM killed. In Ambon, 2 explosions 11 August raised fears after April violence.
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For background, see ICG Asia Report N°74, Indonesia Backgrounder: Jihad in Central Sulawesi, 3 Feb. 2004.
Indonesia
| 1 Aug 2004
Opening round of first ever direct presidential elections proceeded smoothly. Former general Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY) polled highest; to face incumbent President Megawati Sukarnoputri in second round 20 September. Election results gave SBY 34%, Megawati 27%, former general Wiranto 22%. Constitutional Court ruled new anti-terrorism law, used retroactively to convict Bali bombers, violates constitution, but ruling will only apply to future cases: police dropped plans to charge cleric Abu Bakar Baasyir over Bali bombings (though still to be charged with heading Jemaah Islamiah). Aceh province governor Abdullah Puteh suspended from duties while being investigated over graft case. Over 230 people described as “suspected terrorists” killed in Aceh since martial law lifted in May. Protestant minister killed in church shooting Palu city, Central Sulawesi.
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Comment by Sidney Jones (ICG), “Terrorism in Southeast Asia, more than just JI”, Wall Street Journal, 29 July 2004.
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Comment by Sidney Jones (ICG), “Interpreting the Indonesian election results”, Wall Street Journal, 12 July 2004.
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For background, see ICG Asia Report N°74, Indonesia Backgrounder: Jihad in Central Sulawesi, 3 Feb. 2004.
Indonesia
| 1 Jul 2004
First direct presidential election set for 5 July. Polls indicate Democratic Party candidate Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono clear favourite. Clashes in Aceh continued; at least 18 suspected rebels, 3 soldiers killed. Exiled leaders of separatist Free Aceh Movement (GAM), including “prime minister” Malik Mahmood, arrested for “crimes violating international law” in Sweden: later released. Trial of Rusman Gunawan, charged re Jakarta’s August 2003 Marriott hotel blast, started 21 June. Attorney General’s office announced Muslim cleric and suspected JI leader Abu Bakar Baasyir’s case ready for trial. New constitutional court overturned controversial January 2003 decision to divide Papua by creating new provinces of West and Central Irian Jaya; interior ministry appealing decision. In central Papua, conflict between Damal and Nduga tribes resolved after 4 killed, over 120 injured. Investigations into April/May Ambon violence continued with members of Christian group arrested on arson charges but no progress on sniper attacks. Maluku police, including son-in-law of separatist Front for Moluccan Sovereignty leader Alex Manuputty, reportedly involved in violence. ICG Southeast Asia project director Sidney Jones and analyst Francesca Lawe-Davies expelled from Indonesia 6 June, generating much local controversy and international concern.
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“Former general in lead in Indonesia”, International Herald Tribune, 1 July 2004.
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Comment by Sidney Jones (ICG) “An agenda for Indonesia: the new president must act boldly to nurture democracy”, Time, 28 June 2004.
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Comment by Sidney Jones (ICG) “Expelled From Indonesia”, The Wall Street Journal, 9 June 2004.
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For background, see ICG Asia Briefing, Indonesia: Violence Erupts Again in Ambon, 17 May 2004; and ICG Asia Report N°71, Indonesia Backgrounder: A Guide to the 2004 Elections, 18 Dec. 2003.
Indonesia
| 1 Jun 2004
Martial law lifted in Aceh, replaced with ‘civil emergency’; no reduction of 40,000 troops. Military claimed it has killed 2,000 Free Aceh Movement (GAM) members and captured 3,000 since 19 May last year when offensive began. GAM released well known Indonesian cameraman 18 May, and around 150 other civilians, some of whom believed to be hostages; others had reportedly gone to GAM for protection. Ambon still tense after violence claimed 39 last month; bomb explosion 17 May, hours after separatist flags raised in Muslim area of city; explosions 23 and 25 May killed 1 injured 17. ICG's Sidney Jones to be effectively expelled 10 June with work permit not renewed, following complaints from director of State Intelligence Agency General A.M. Hendropriyono about critical ICG reports; considerable media attention generated.
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"Megawati backs ouster of terror analyst", International Herald Tribune, 1 June 2004.
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For background, see ICG Asia Report N°74, Indonesia Backgrounder: Jihad in Central Sulawesi, 3 Feb. 2004 and N°71 Indonesia Backgrounder: A Guide to the 2004 Elections, 18 Dec. 2003.
Indonesia
| 1 May 2004
Fighting in Ambon, capital of Maluku, erupted 25 April after supporters of separatist Front for Moluccan Sovereignty (FKM) clashed with pro-government youths. Fighting quickly took on communal overtones, and by 28 April more than 36 killed, many by snipers. Hundreds of buildings burned down, including UNDP office, Protestant university, and Muslim high school. FKM, largely Christian group, supports establishment of Republic of the South Moluccas (RMS), but has little support among Christians in Maluku more generally. Christian and Muslim leaders criticised police for not preventing violence but both suggested provocateurs were involved. Two men opened fire in church in Poso, Central Sulawesi during Easter service, wounding 7. Former military chief Gen. Wiranto, currently indicted for crimes against humanity in East Timor, won Golkar Party nomination for president over party leader Akbar Tanjung 20 April. Front runner in 5 July presidential election remains Democrat Party's Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, also retired general. Clashes in Aceh between rebels and government troops continued. Islamic cleric Abu Bakar Baasyir released 30 April but rearrested on terrorism charges including conspiracy, plotting attacks, and ties to Jemaah Islamiah: violent clashes between his supporters and police followed arrest.
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"Ready for the big one",
The Economist, 22 Apr. 2004.
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For background, see ICG Asia Reports N°74, Indonesia Backgrounder: Jihad in Central Sulawesi, 3 Feb. 2004 and N°71, Indonesia Backgrounder: A Guide to the 2004 Elections, 18 Dec. 2003.
Indonesia
| 1 Apr 2004
Campaigning for 5 April national elections began 11 March amid security fears. Bomb exploded during training exercise of radical Islamic group in Jakarta 21 March. Police seized explosives (same as used in Bali and Marriott bombings), handgun and jihadist propaganda. Ten people arrested; 8 suspects still at large. Sentence of JI leader Abu Bakar Ba’asyir reduced after successful appeal to Supreme Court; to be freed within weeks. Acting head of JI Abu Rusdan sentenced to 3 1/2 years for sheltering Bali mastermind Ali Ghufron (Mukhlas). Police stabilisation force of 100 deployed to Poso 31 March after 3 shooting incidents, 2 dead. Machete attacks in Central Sulawesi by unknown assailants on predominantly Christian village in Donggala regency 11 March killed 1, injured 5. Fears that deadly Christian-Muslim fighting of 2000-2001 could be reignited. Four killed, 28 injured 11 March when villagers attacked police station in Manggarai regency in Flores; culmination of long-running dispute over illegal coffee plantations. Senior official of Free Papua Movement (OPM) killed by army in Sarmi district 12 March where military claims OPM rebels were planning election disruptions. Additional 5,500 police stationed in Aceh to guarantee stability during elections, while access restrictions tightened for foreign journalists.
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For background, see ICG Asia Report N°74, Indonesia Backgrounder: Jihad in Central Sulawesi, 3 Feb. 2004.
Indonesia
| 1 Mar 2004
Supreme Court 12 February acquitted Golkar chairman Akbar Tandjung of corruption charges re misappropriation of approx. U.S.$4.5 million in state funds allocated for poverty alleviation. Decision sparked days of protests in number of cities. Demonstrators clashed violently with police, resulting in hospitalisation of more than 60 in Jakarta alone. Two sentenced to life imprisonment for involvement in October 2002 Bali bombing. Government completed draft revision of anti-terrorism law to transfer more power to security forces to deter acts of terrorism.
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“Justice still eludes Indonesia”, International Herald Tribune, 19 Feb. 2004.
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For background, see ICG Asia Report N°71, Indonesia Backgrounder: A Guide to the 2004 Elections, 18 Dec. 2003.
Indonesia
| 1 Feb 2004
Violence continues in Aceh after Free Aceh Movement (GAM) called for 2 day ceasefire to facilitate release of 80 hostages. Indonesian military (TNI) agreed on condition GAM formally renounce tactic of civilian hostage taking. Total of 143 captured separatists to be transferred to detention centres on Java. Explosion in cafe 10 January in South Sulawesi town of Palopo killed 4. Police questioned and released 7 people in relation to blast. Cache of weapons found in Poso by authorities, suspected links to Jemaah Islamiah. Supreme Court upheld Bali bomber Amrozi’s death sentence. Trial commenced 27 January of Mohammad Rais accused of recruiting Marriot hotel suicide bomber. Threat of state of emergency being declared in West Papua ahead of elections. Tensions rising on border with East Timor (see East Timor section). National Intelligence Agency (BIN) to be given broader powers after President Megawati signed decree authorising agency to open offices in all provinces, regencies and municipalities across Indonesia.
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Indonesia
| 1 Jan 2004
Senior Islamic clerics ruled suicide bombings forbidden in Indonesia by Islam 16 December. Four of 6 suspected Indonesian Islamic militants, arrested in Pakistan and deported in December, detained under Indonesia's anti-terror laws - included Rusman "Gun Gun" Gunawan, brother of Hambali. More alleged rebels killed in Aceh but no independent verification of military statistics on numbers killed or detained since martial law declared in May 2003. Bomb blast at open air concert in Aceh New Year’s eve killed at least 9 concertgoers – perpetrator unknown. An Indonesian journalist held hostage by Aceh rebels since July 2003 killed in shootout between rebels and army 29 December. Red Cross and some U.N. agencies allowed back to Aceh but international NGOs effectively remained barred. Unrest in Papua following appointment of new police chief indicted by the UN’s East Timor Serious Crimes Unit for human rights abuses in East Timor. Sporadic violence continued in Poso.
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For background, see ICG Asia Report N°67, The Perils of Private Security in Indonesia: Guards and Militia on Bali and Lombok, 7 Nov. 2003.
Indonesia
| 1 Dec 2003
Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) regrouping after arrests and reportedly planning new attacks; new operations chief Aris Sumarsono, alias Zulkarnaen, still at large. Attacks by suspected Muslim radicals continue in Central Sulawesi despite deployment of 3200 extra police and soldiers. In Papua, 22 killed, including Free Papua Movement (OPM) leader Yustinus Murib, in clashes between rebels and government troops this month. Governor of West Irian Jaya, new province carved out of Papua, was formally installed by Minister of Home Affairs. Full scale military operation against separatist Free Aceh Movement (GAM) ongoing; military emergency declared in mid-May extended for six months on 6 November. EU, U.S. and Japan responded immediately with joint statement of concern, urging political settlement; dismissed by Jakarta as “regrettable interference”. Access to province still almost entirely closed to foreigners, including humanitarian workers. GAM called for European mediation but Jakarta has ruled out ceasefire unless rebels renounce independence demand and disarm. Communal violence erupted in Bangka, southern Sumatra, 25 November, first day of Islamic Idul Fitri festival, two dead.
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Indonesia
| 1 Nov 2003
Key Bali bomber, Ali Gufron, alias Mukhlas, convicted and sentenced to death 2 October. Abu Rusdan, alias Thoriqudin, man believed to have replaced Abu Bakar Ba’asyir as JI leader, went on trial 29 October. JI regrouping after arrests and reportedly planning new attacks. Violence linked to protests over creation of new district in Mamasa, South Sulawesi 29 September-3 October killed three. After months of relative calm in area of Central Sulawesi near Poso, gunmen attacked Christian villages 10 October, torching church and 30 homes and killing three. Further attacks later in October killed at least ten more. By end of month, police had killed six of the gunmen including one of suspected masterminds, and arrested 13. Early indications suggest possible links to JI and local jihadist groups. Peace holding in Maluku where Christian-Muslim fighting has claimed at least 5,000 lives since 1999. Members of Papuan provincial parliament threatened to boycott 2004 general elections if plans to divide province go ahead. Military emergency declared in Aceh in mid-May formally ends 19 November but will almost certainly be extended; military operations against separatist Free Aceh Movement (GAM) continue, with access to province almost totally closed to foreigners, including humanitarian workers. GAM negotiators from collapsed peace talks convicted on terrorism and rebellion charges and sentenced to terms ranging from 11-15 years. Two killed in clashes between PDIP (governing party) and Golkar (opposition) supporters in Bali 26 October.
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“Kalla links JI to Poso attacks”, The Jakarta Post, 29 Oct. 2003.
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Comment by Sidney Jones (ICG), “Facing the enemy within: The Indonesian government must tell the whole truth about organized terror”, Time Asia, 6 Oct. 2003.
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For background, see ICG Asia Report N°63, Jemaah Islamiyah in South East Asia: Damaged but Still Dangerous, 26 Aug. 2003.
Indonesia
| 1 Oct 2003
More than 15 men suspected of links to Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) arrested in central Java; Hambali's younger brother arrested in Karachi together with five Indonesian and 13 Malaysian suspected JI members. Abu Bakar Ba'asyir, alleged spiritual leader of JI, sentenced to four years for treason, but acquitted of leading JI – both Ba'asyir and Attorney General’s Office appealing sentence. Bali bomber Ali Imron given life sentence. Indonesian police warn that JI planning further bombings. Christian-Muslim tensions simmer in Poso. Peace seems to have held in Maluku in recent months where fighting between Christians and Muslims has claimed at least 5,000 lives since 1999; Government lifted three-year state of emergency on 15 September after new governor installed without incident. Military operation against separatist Free Aceh Movement (GAM) - launched mid-May after peace negotiations broke down - looks likely to continue. Indonesian military claims 900 GAM separatists, 66 military and 304 civilians killed since most recent campaign began, but independent access to verify these or other data remains highly restricted.
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“TNI to deploy more troops to Papua”, The Jakarta Post, 4 September 2003 (subscription).
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For background, see ICG Asia Report N°63, Jemaah Islamiyah in South East Asia: Damaged but Still Dangerous, 26 August 2003.
Indonesia
| 1 Sep 2003
Car bomb exploded outside Jakarta’s Marriott hotel on 5 August, killing 12 and injuring over 150. Indonesian police named 5 suspects - all members of Jemaah Islamiyah (JI) - on 19 August. JI operational chief Hambali, alleged mastermind of the October 2002 Bali bombing, captured in joint operation between Thai authorities and CIA on 12 August. Government suspended plan to divide province of Papua after violence broke out killing 4 between 23 - 28 August. Christian-Muslim tensions simmer in Poso after series of violent incidents in June and July. Military operation against separatist Free Aceh Movement (GAM) - launched mid-May after peace negotiations broke down - looks likely to continue. Current military methods appear likely to generate more support for GAM.
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