Region / country
period from
to
80 results found
Thailand
| 1 Aug 2010
Govt 6 July lifted state of emergency in 5 provinces, but rights groups criticised its extension for 3 months in 19 others and Bangkok; state of emergency lifted by end-month in 9 further provinces. 1 killed, 10 injured 25 July in Bangkok bomb blast on day of by-election, no claim of responsibility; poll saw ruling Democrat Party candidate narrowly beat Puea Thai party candidate Kokaew Pikulthong, still detained for role in March-May “red shirt” protests; opposition claimed they were disadvantaged under state of emergency. Attorney-General’s Office 13 July recommended dissolving Democrat Party over illegal donations received 2005; Constitutional Court to hold 1st hearing on case 9 Aug. New Politics, political party of People’s Alliance for Democracy, 3 July elected “yellow shirt” head Somsak Kosaisuk as leader. In South, 8 killed, including 6 security officials, in 1-2 July bombings in Yala, Narathiwat provinces; 3 civilians killed in 18 July Narathiwat attack.
Thailand
| 1 Jul 2010
Following May crackdown on “red shirt” protesters, govt department of special investigation (DSI) 21 June identified 83 individuals and companies accused of funding movement. Police 25 June arrested 2 linked to “red shirt” movement over late month bomb attempt at ruling party headquarters. Govt 22 June deployed 800 police in Bangkok ahead of cremation ceremony of “red shirt” general Khattiya Sawasdipol killed in May. Thousands of mourners attended; state of emergency remains in place in Bangkok and 23 provinces. PM Abhisit 6 June appointed new cabinet members in wake of May failed no-confidence vote. In restive South, at least 5 killed, 17 injured in series of shootings and grenade attacks in Yala and Pattani districts; Southern Border Provinces Administrative Center 11 June stated 9,417 militants in South. Thai, Cambodian soldiers clashed briefly at border 8 June; no fatalities.
Thailand
| 1 Jun 2010
Violence in Bangkok between security forces and “red shirt” protestors left 54 dead over May. Months-long stand-off continued despite PM Abhisit’s 3 May offer of early elections, later withdrawn. Pro-”red shirt” army general Khattiya Sawasdipol shot 13 May. Soldiers raided “red-shirt” encampment 14-19 May, fired live rounds. Majority of protestors surrendered 19 May and camp disbanded as several buildings, including stock exchange, damaged by protesters. Govt 19 May imposed curfew in Bangkok and 23 other provinces; curfew lifted 29 May but state of emergency remains. Thai court 25 May approved arrest warrant for former PM Thaksin on “terrorism charges” linked to unrest; Thaksin denied fomenting violence. Opposition MPs 25 May begin process to impeach PM Abhisit. UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay 31 May called for investigation into violence. In restive south, 2 bombs exploded 26 May in Yala killing 2 and injuring 55.
Thailand
| 1 May 2010
Worst violence in capital in 18 years. 25 killed, hundreds injured during govt attempts to remove opposition “red shirt” protestors (a group of mostly rural and urban poor including many supporters of former PM Thaksin) from central Bangkok 10 Apr. Followed month of protests. PM Abhisit 7 Apr declared state of emergency after “red shirts” briefly stormed parliament. Govt moved hundreds of soldiers into Bangkok business district 19 Apr, 25 Apr threatened to retake “red shirt” areas. 1 killed, 85 wounded in 22 Apr grenade attacks; govt blamed protestors; “red shirts” denied involvement. “Red shirts” 23 Apr called for parliament to be dissolved within 30 days; 25 Apr blocked roads leading to Bangkok. 1 soldier dead, 18 people wounded in 28 Apr clash. Abhisit earlier replaced Deputy PM Suthep with Army Chief Gen Anupong Paojinda as head of security operations after failure to arrest key protest heads. Govt under increased pressure after Election Commission 12 Apr recommended ruling Democrat Party be dissolved over allegations it received illegal donations. Army chief Anupong Paojinda 12 Apr said “red shirt” problem would be resolved when parliament dissolved. Thai, Cambodian troops briefly exchanged fire along border; no casualties reported. 1 policeman killed, dozens injured in 21 Apr attack in Pattani in restive South; 6 killed in separate attacks.
Thailand
| 1 Apr 2010
Protests by opposition “red shirt” supporters of former PM Thaksin began 14 March with reported 100,000 marching in Bangkok demanding resignation of PM Abhisit’s govt and new polls. Smaller protests continued mid-late month. 28, 29 March televised talks between Abhisit and protest representatives ended in stalemate; protestors 30 March said not interested in further talks. Several small bomb explosions outside banks, govt ministries. Ahead of protests, govt 9 March imposed Internal Security Act (ISA), 11 March began deploying 50,000 troops in Bangkok. Govt extended ISA 23 March; opposition lawmakers 24 March boycotted parliament in protest. Violence continued in restive South: 3 people shot dead by suspected insurgents 11 March.
Thailand
| 1 Apr 2010
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| Protests by opposition “red shirt” supporters of former PM Thaksin began 14 March with reported 100,000 marching in Bangkok demanding resignation of PM Abhisit’s govt and new polls. Smaller protests continued mid-late month. 28, 29 March televised talks between Abhisit and protest representatives ended in stalemate; protestors 30 March said not interested in further talks. Several small bomb explosions outside banks, govt ministries. Ahead of protests, govt 9 March imposed Internal Security Act (ISA), 11 March began deploying 50,000 troops in Bangkok. Govt extended ISA 23 March; opposition lawmakers 24 March boycotted parliament in protest. Violence continued in restive south: 3 people shot dead by suspected insurgents 11 March.
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Thailand
| 1 Mar 2010
| Supreme Court 26 Feb seized US$1.4bn of US$2.3bn in assets belonging to former PM Thaksin frozen after 2006 coup; court accused Thaksin of abusing power while PM to benefit his companies. 2 grenades exploded in Bangkok 27 Feb; PM Abhisit said “bomb incidents were expected” after verdict. Security beefed up ahead of decision in Bangkok and provinces believed to be strongholds of Thaksin supporters (“red shirts”). Violence and protests ahead of ruling: grenades exploded near govt offices 13 Feb; police defused C-4 bomb at Supreme Court 14 Feb; at least 1,500 pro-Thaksin demonstrators in Bangkok rallied outside Bangkok Bank, blocking traffic on busy business street 19 Feb. Cambodia 15 Feb said it may seek intervention of ICJ or UNSC to settle border dispute with Thailand over land near Preah Vihear temple.
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Thailand
| 1 Feb 2010
As violence continued in restive South, PM Abhisit visited region 7 Jan, pledged to reduce troop numbers in coming years. Govt 19 Jan approved 3 month renewal of emergency decree in South. 3 Muslims from South sentenced to 10 months prison by Malaysian court early month for illegally entering country; to be tried on explosive possession charges late Feb. Former paramilitary ranger linked to deadly June mosque attack surrendered to police 14 Jan; some reports allege highly-publicised surrender “staged”. King Bhumibol 15 Jan approved cabinet reshuffle prompted by resignation of public health minister and deputy in corruption scandal. Pro-Thaksin “red shirt” protesters planning rally ahead of Supreme Court’s Feb verdict on govt seizure of Thaksin’s assets. Thai, Cambodian soldiers exchanged fire near disputed Preah Vihear temple 24 Jan; no reported casualties.
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Thailand
| 1 Jan 2010
PM Abhisit and Malaysian PM Najib conducted joint visit to restive South 9 Dec as violence continued, including 5 bombs exploded in Yala and Narathiwat 9 Dec. Najib said insurgency an internal conflict, vowed to help; downplayed his Oct proposal for “some form of autonomy”, told southern Muslims they must be loyal to Thai govt. Thousands of “red shirt” supporters of former PM Thaksin rallied in Bangkok 10 Dec ahead of large protests planned for Jan, calling for new elections. Thaksin returned to Phnom Penh 13 Dec, risking reigniting diplomatic row between Thailand and Cambodia sparked by his Nov visit to take up economic post.
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Thailand
| 1 Dec 2009
| Diplomatic row with Cambodia intensified over former PM Thaksin’s 10-14 Nov visit to Phnom Penh to take up economic adviser post offered by Cambodian PM Hun Sen in Oct. Both countries 5 Nov recalled ambassadors, Cambodia 11 Nov rejected Thai extradition request for Thaksin to face charges over conflict of interest, saying case politically motivated. Thailand 17 Nov said it was reviewing aid program to Cambodia. In 12 Nov speech to supporters in Phnom Penh Thaksin criticised Thai govt’s policy towards Cambodia. 12 injured by small explosion at anti-Thaksin “yellow shirt” protest in Bangkok 15 Nov. Large Thaksin supporter “red shirt” rallies planned 28 Nov postponed after govt declared it would enforce Internal Security Act. PM Abhisit cancelled 29 Nov trip to pro-Thaksin stronghold Chiang Mai, citing security concerns. Violence continued in south; security forces killed 6 suspected insurgents 17 Nov; 3 civilians shot dead by suspected insurgents 30 Nov. Opposition Puea Thai party chairman Chavalit 2 Nov suggested establishing autonomous region in southern border provinces; Abhisit rejected proposal, said govt favoured increasing people’s participation rather than new administrative structure. Proposal followed late-Oct suggestion by Malaysian PM to give degree of autonomy to South to resolve insurgency.
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Thailand
| 1 Nov 2009
Thousands of “red shirt” supporters of former PM Thaksin rallied in Bangkok 11, 17 Oct demanding govt respond to Aug petition seeking royal pardon for Thaksin. Former PM Chavalit 2 Oct joined Thaksin front party Puea Thai; in 21 Oct meeting with Chavalit, Cambodian PM Hun Sen called Thaksin his “eternal friend”, at ASEAN summit 23 Oct offered Thaksin asylum and economic advisor post in Cambodia. Thai PM Abhisit said Thailand would seek extradition if Thaksin moves to Cambodia; Hun Sen said would decline request. As violence continued in south, cabinet 13 Oct extended emergency decree, 20 Oct approved draft bill allowing Southern Border Provinces Administrative Centre to operate independently from military-controlled Internal Security Operations Command. Amid concerns over his health, King Bhumibol 23 Oct made first public appearance since being hospitalised 19 Sept.
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Thailand
| 1 Oct 2009
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| Estimated 26,000 “red shirt” supporters of former PM Thaksin rallied in Bangkok 19 Sept to mark 3rd anniversary of his overthrow. Speaking to crowd by radio, Thaksin said Thailand becoming failed state; 6,000 police, army deployed, no reports of clashes. Army 18 Sept ruled out possibility of new coup. Dozens injured 19 Sept in northeastern Si Sa Ket province in clashes between villagers and 4,000 anti-Thaksin “yellow shirts” rallying at Preah Vihear temple, site of border dispute with Cambodia; state of emergency declared in Kantharalak district, riot police sent in. Cambodian PM Hun Sen 28 Sept said any Thais illegally crossing border would be shot. National Counter Corruption Commission 7 Sept said former PM Wongsawat and police Gen Wongsuwan criminally negligent in Oct 2008 crackdown of anti-Thaksin protesters. Violence continued in south: 11 killed, 20 wounded in shootings, bombings, military raids 2-3 Sept; 1 policeman killed, 12 civilians wounded by bomb in Yala 4 Sept; several soldiers, civilians killed in shootings, bombings across deep south over month. King Bhumibol hospitalised 19 Sept with fever, fatigue.
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Thailand
| 1 Sep 2009
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| “Red shirt” supporters of former PM Thaksin 17 Aug submitted petition to King Bhumibol signed by some 3.5m Thais seeking royal pardon for Thaksin; King 23 Aug made call for national unity. Govt 25 Aug passed temporary security law allowing for use of military to control planned 30 Aug “red shirt” rally calling for resignation of PM Abhisit; rally subsequently postponed. In south, military 10 Aug lifted 2-year curfew in 2 districts in Yala citing improved situation. Govt 18 Aug submitted bill to parliament that, if passed, would allow civilian-led Southern Border Provinces Administrative Centre to operate independently from military-controlled Internal Security Operations Command. Ongoing violence in south included 42 people wounded by bomb blast outside restaurant in Narathiwat province 25 Aug; 3 village defence corps killed by roadside bomb in Yala province 22 Aug; several soldiers, civilians killed over month.
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Thailand
| 1 Aug 2009
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| Violence in south continued: in Pattani province 1 solder killed by bomb, 1 civilian shot dead 9 July; 2 Muslims shot dead in separate incidents by suspected separatist insurgents 15 July; 1 solder, 1 suspected militant killed in gun battle 26 July. Car bomb killed 2 soldiers in Yala province 17 July. 3 killed in separate drive-by shootings 19, 20 July. Police began questioning leaders of anti-Thaksin “yellow shirt” movement over 2008 blockade of Bangkok airports. Police issued arrest warrants for police and army officer in connection with Apr shooting of People’s Alliance for Democracy leader Sondhi Limthongkul.
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Thailand
| 1 Jul 2009
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| Inter-communal tension rising as violence in Malay Muslim-dominated deep South flared. Unidentified gunmen opened fire on Muslims praying in mosque 8 June, killing 10, injuring 12. 7 June car bomb killed 1, injured 19. Almost daily incidents included 2 Buddhist monks shot, 1 killed 12 June; 4 govt teachers killed in 3 separate incidents. Followed late-May ruling by Songkhla court that security forces acted in full accordance with law during 2004 Tak Bai case, when 78 protestors died after being stacked on military trucks. PM Abhisit 14 June said will use development aid rather than security measures to tackle insurgency in south; will not negotiate with insurgents; willing to consider some form of special administrative structure in South to better address Malay Muslim concerns; also exploring use of Sharia law to govern inheritance, family affairs in region. People’s Alliance for Democracy 2 June selected new name – New Politics Party – and new leader Somsak Kosaisuk. Some 25,000 rallied in support of former PM Thaksin 27 June.
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Thailand
| 1 Jun 2009
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| People’s Alliance for Democracy (PAD), spearheading protests against ousted PM Thaksin since 2006, agreed to form new political party to fight for “new politics” 25 May. Followed 1 May claim by PAD leader Sondhi that some army officers - not the army - responsible for 17 April assassination attempt on him. Medecins Sans Frontieres 20 May announced it pulled out relief effort from Hmong refugee camp to protest govt’s forced repatriation of Hmong to Laos and military interference in humanitarian assistance. Series of bomb and arson attacks hit capital of Yala province in south 27 May; no casualties reported.
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Thailand
| 1 May 2009
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| Political tensions rose after late-March protest by supporters of ousted PM Thaksin turned violent. After calling for resignation of king’s advisors and dissolution of parliament, protesters 11 Apr broke into ASEAN summit, forcing its cancellation. PM Abhisit declared state of emergency in Pattaya and next day Bangkok. Demonstrations turned into riots 13 Apr as street battles between soldiers and protesters ended with some 120 injured, 2 Bangkok residents shot dead during apparent clash with protestors. Protest leaders voluntarily ended rally 14 Apr, citing safety concerns; 3 surrendered to police, but promised more protests soon. People’s Alliance for Democracy leader Sondhi Limthongkul shot and injured 17 Apr. Abhisit lifted state of emergency 24 Apr, called for constitutional reforms. In South, suspected insurgents opened fire at train in Narathiwat 10 Apr, killing 1 crew; also blamed for 9 deaths 27 Apr, day before 5th anniversary of Krue Sae mosque incident. Early month border clash between Thai, Cambodian forces saw 2 Thai soldiers killed, 9 injured; both sides blamed other, downplayed incident.
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Thailand
| 1 Apr 2009
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| Puea Thai, main opposition party and ally of ousted PM Thaksin, 11 March filed censure motion against PM Abhisit and 5 others, including interior, finance, foreign ministers; all survived vote. Thousands of Thaksin supporters began sit-in protest outside Govt House 26 March. PM Abhisit approved deployment of 4,000 additional paramilitary rangers to South to improve community relations in insurgent strongholds. Govt 17 March approved strategic plan to improve justice system in South; Abhisit asked officials to explore possibility of using Sharia law in area. 4 militants killed by security forces in 30 March gun battle in South. 25 March standoff between Thai, Cambodian troops on disputed border area ended peacefully next day.
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Thailand
| 1 Mar 2009
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| Several attacks targeting security forces in South: 4 paramilitary rangers beheaded in 2 separate incidents; 3 bomb explosions targeting security forces killed 3, injured 9 others.
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Thailand
| 1 Feb 2009
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| Govt bolstered its weak majority in 11 Jan by-elections, held to fill seats vacated after court’s Dec dissolution of PPP and 2 other parties. PM Abhisit made first visit to south 17 Jan, took steps to restore civilian control of southern policy, including establishing special committee to handle south. PM’s compound again swarmed by anti-govt protesters 30 Jan as pro-Thaksin United Front for Democracy against Dictatorship (UDD) demanded Abhisit step down.
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Thailand
| 1 Jan 2009
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| 2 Dec constitutional court ruling dissolved PPP, 2 other coalition parties in charges related to 2007 vote-buying controversy. Court’s decision barred executive members of the parties from politics for 5 years, removing PM Somchai from politics. PAD protests ended; Bangkok airports reopened next day. After smaller parties joined opposition Democrat Party to form new govt, parliament 15 Dec elected Democrat leader Abhisit Vejjajiva to PM post. Abhisit forced to hold postponed first session of parliament at Foreign Ministry 30 Dec after thousands of “red shirt” supporters of former PM Thaksin blockaded parliament.
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Thailand
| 1 Dec 2008
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| Political crisis escalated again as People’s Alliance for Democracy (PAD) renewed intensity of their protests; rampant rumours of imminent coup. State of emergency declared in Bangkok airports 27 Nov after PAD protesters occupied city’s 2 airports, cancelling all flights. Protesters apparently sought to block ministers from meeting PM Somchai in Chiang Mai. Thousands of govt supporters rallied in Bangkok 30 Nov, raising fears any clashes with PAD could turn violent. Earlier, thousands surrounded parliament 24 Nov. 1 killed, 20 injured in 20 Nov grenade attack on PAD-occupied Government House. Army chief called for dissolution of parliament as business disrupted by ongoing siege of govt buildings. UK revoked visas for former PM Thaksin and wife.
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Thailand
| 1 Nov 2008
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| Political crisis deepened as bitter anti-govt demonstrations continued, and turned deadly 7 Oct. Demonstrators led by People’s Alliance for Democracy (PAD) have blockaded newly elected PM Somchai’s office, calling on him to dissolve govt. Protests peaked 7 Oct when demonstrators sought to block opening session of parliament; violent clashes with police killed 2, injured some 400. Queen Sirikit presided over dead protestor’s funeral. Army chief Gen. Anupong called on Somchai to resign 16 Oct; Somchai continues to attract protests. Ousted PM Thaksin found guilty in absentia 21 Oct for abuse of office, sentenced to 2 years imprisonment. 15 Oct gun battle on Cambodian border killed 2 as dispute over Preah Vihear temple intensified.
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Thailand
| 1 Oct 2008
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| PM Samak forced out of office 9 Sept by Constitutional Court finding he had violated constitution, which came after weeks of protests by People’s Alliance for Democracy (PAD) calling for his resignation. Samak had declared state of emergency 2 Sept after pro- and anti-govt forces clashed, killing 1, injuring over 40. Court ruling concerned payments he accepted for hosting TV cookery show while in office. PPP candidate Somchai Wongsawat elected PM 17 Sept; PAD views him as proxy for former PM Thaksin, protests continue. “Peace talks” for south reportedly held 20-21 Sept in Indonesia, with mediation by Indonesian VP Kalla, but Thai govt said not involved and unclear whether Muslim representatives control current insurgents.
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Thailand
| 1 Sep 2008
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| Series of bombings in Songkhla 2 Aug hit South’s largest city, Hat Yai; Songkhla town affected for first time. Cabinet approved deployment of some 2,500 additional paramilitary rangers to South 5 Aug. Former PM Thaksin and family fled to UK 11 Aug to escape corruption trials, 10 days after wife’s sentencing to 3 years for tax evasion. Large demonstrations began 25 Aug, led by People’s Alliance for Democracy, calling for PM Samak’s resignation.
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Thailand
| 1 Aug 2008
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| Tensions with Cambodia rose after Preah Vihear temple, subject of historic border dispute, granted UNESCO World Heritage status; troops in border standoff since Cambodia briefly detained 3 Thai protesters 15 July. Bilateral talks 21 July failed to resolve, but resumed 28 July following Cambodian elections. Thai govt opponents used row to force resignation of FM Patama 10 July. Deputy leader of governing PPP Yongyuth disqualified from parliament over vote-rigging charge, could mean party dissolution. Ongoing violence in south increased, despite 17 July “ceasefire” announcement by man claiming to represent insurgent umbrella group thought defunct since 1987.
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Thailand
| 1 Jul 2008
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| Railway service halted indefinitely in Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat after suspected insurgents shot dead 1 police officer, 3 railway staff 21 June. Increased political tension in Bangkok as People’s Alliance for Democracy pressured government into dropping proposed amendments to constitutional draft that would help parties escape threat of dissolution. PM Samak survived 27 June no-confidence vote.
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Thailand
| 1 Jun 2008
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| PM Samak paid first official visit to south 10 May as regular attacks in region continued throughout month. Sit-in protests by some 5,000 began 25 May in Bangkok against PPP-led coalition govt’s plan to amend constitution to avoid threat of dissolution over election fraud allegations. House Speaker Yongyuth Tiyapairat (PPP) resigned 30 Apr over alleged fraud committed during Dec 2007 election, trial began 8 May. MP and ally to ex-PM Thaksin resigned 30 May after accused of criticising king.
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Thailand
| 1 May 2008
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| 3 parties in ruling coalition, including PPP, continued to face allegations of vote-buying and electoral fraud. Election commission recommended dissolution of Chart Thai and Machima Thipataya parties 11 Apr, PPP likely to face similar charge; state prosecutors to decide on referral to Constitutional Court. Military admitted 56-year-old imam Yapa Kaseng beaten to death in custody late March; 5 army officers face prosecution. Slight further easing in martial law, but state of emergency holds in southern provinces.
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Thailand
| 1 Apr 2008
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| Car bomb exploded in front of CS Pattani hotel 15 March, killing 2; hotel had been considered “neutral ground” for meetings between government and local Muslim figures. Former PM Thaksin entered not guilty plea in real estate deal corruption case 12 March. Current PM Samak appointed army chief Anupong Paochinda head of Internal Security Operations Command (ISOC) 25 March; mandate includes focus on southern insurgency.
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Thailand
| 1 Mar 2008
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| Daily attacks continued in south. PM Samak Sundaravej downplayed proposal by Interior Minister Chalerm Yoobamrung suggesting autonomy as possible solution. U.S. reinstated financial assistance, including military aid, 6 Feb, suspended after September 2006 coup. Former PM Thaksin returned to Bangkok from exile 28 Feb; granted bail on charges of abuse of power, ordered not to leave country.
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Thailand
| 1 Feb 2008
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| Violence surged again in south after Dec elections; government admitted little headway made in quelling insurgency. 2007 reported deadliest in 4-year wave of violence, with 2,300 killed or wounded. New 6-party coalition government led by People’s Power Party announced 19 Jan. CNS military council disbanded next day, promising no more coups while warning politicians not to meddle in military affairs.
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Thailand
| 1 Jan 2008
| People’s Power Party (PPP), with links to deposed PM Thaksin, won greatest share of seats in 23 December elections, with 228 of 480. Democrat Party, linked to coup leaders, won 166. TITV blocked from broadcasting interview with Thaksin, who said considering return to country, 26 December. Some harassment of PPP candidates reported ahead of polls; martial law remained in effect in 31 provinces. Government pushed through final draft of internal security act on eve of election. Violence in south unabated.
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Thailand
| 1 Dec 2007
New commander-in-chief General Anupong announced troop increase in south (from 18 to 33 battalions), where violence spiked early in month. Army freed several hundred detainees arrested in southern “sweeping operations” and held in “Occupation Training Camps” after courts rejected detentions as arbitrary.
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Thailand
| 1 Nov 2007
First coordinated bombings in South since government sweep operations began in June hit parts of Narthiwat 1 October. In Bangkok, new army chief Gen. Anupong Paochinda ordered military reshuffle 4 October. Cabinet endorsed watered down version of national security bill 16 October; bill still gives sweeping search and detention powers to Internal Security Operations Command (ISOC), but with PM at head not armed forces chief.
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Thailand
| 1 Oct 2007
1 year after ousting former PM Thaksin, coup leader Gen. Sonthi retired from armed forces 30 September; expected to officially assume post of deputy prime minister in small cabinet reshuffle. Gen. Anupong Paochinda named new army chief. Steady violence continued in south. Government sweeps there have detained some 2000 suspects since late June.
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Thailand
| 1 Sep 2007
New constitution, 18th since 1932 end to absolute monarchy, approved in 19 August referendum. 57% support paved way to 23 December general elections. Vote revealed support for charter weakest in former PM Thaksin strongholds of North and Northeast. Turnout relatively low at 58% as around half of country under martial law and no-vote campaigners intimidated and arrested. Supreme Court issued arrest warrants for Thaksin and wife 14 August; extradition proceedings expected if they fail to show for 25 September hearing. In South, insurgent attacks continued; at least 2 civilians, 1 soldier and 1 rebel reported killed.
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Thailand
| 1 Aug 2007
Communal relations remained tense in south. Government stepped up arrests and foot patrols in response to June violence. Military-backed commission approved draft constitution 6 July, will submit to national referendum 19 August. Supreme Court agreed to hear corruption and abuse of power charges against former PM Thaksin Shinawatra 14 August; he refused to return to Bangkok for trial and government froze additional $16.4 million assets believed to be controlled by him. National Legislative Assembly began debate 16 July on controversial internal security bill that would institutionalise role of military in politics, but bill withdrawn for further revision same day. Ban on formation of new political parties lifted 18 July. Anti-coup protests continued: several thousand Thaksin supporters clashed with police 22 July.
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Thailand
| 1 Jul 2007
Violence continued unabated in restive south; coup leader Sonthi claimed insurgency “never more deadly”. Killing of 4 Buddhist teachers prompted indefinite closure of several schools 11 June. Over 500 Muslim protesters blocked road in Raman, Yala 13 June accusing Thai security forces of murder of local Muslim religious teacher. Bomb killed district chief (most senior civilian official killed in conflict) and 2 soldiers 19 June. Political crisis continued in Bangkok: ousted PM Thaksin supporters and pro-democracy activists held nightly protests but numbers dropped significantly by month-end. Political parties allowed to resume activity 5 June although ban on formation of new parties remains, preventing re-formation of Thaksin’s disbanded Thai Rak Thai. Coup leaders demanded Thaksin return to Thailand to face corruption charges after family accounts worth US$1.6bn frozen 11 June.
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Thailand
| 1 Jun 2007
Violence continued in south with further attacks on police and military forces. Mass protest by Muslims shut down Betong-Yala road for over a week 3 May; Buddhist residents arranged 3-day counter-protest 6 May. Pallop Pinmanee appointed top security adviser, renowned for April 2004 storming of Krue Se mosque in south. Anti-government protests continued in Bangkok, where several radio stations that broadcast messages by deposed PM Thaksin were shut down. Constitutional Tribunal, set up after coup, issued report 30 May banning Thaksin from Thai politics and dissolving his Thai Rak Thai party over alleged April 2006 violations of election law. Draft constitution still under discussion by cabinet ahead of September referendum.
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Thailand
| 1 May 2007
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| Situation in south remained volatile: month included burning of Buddhist woman in Yala, shooting by soldiers of 3 Muslim youths. Confidence in interim government continued to fall as disparate political groups held rallies criticising government. First draft of new constitution completed 17 April; many points of contention ahead of September referendum, including provisions giving coup leaders amnesty.
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Thailand
| 1 Apr 2007
| Continued insecurity in south, but government reasserted commitment to “peaceful approach”. 8 Buddhist civilians killed in Yala province 14 March prompted imposition of night-time curfew. PM Surayud rejected calls by army chief and coup leader Sonthi for state of emergency in response to pro-Thaksin protests, but pledged to hold December elections.
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Thailand
| 1 Mar 2007
New wave of violence in south on night of Lunar New Year 18 February: string of over 70 attacks hit 4 southern provinces causing significant damage to economic infrastructure. Government said still committed to policy of reconciliation, which PM Chulanont called top political priority while admitting not enough had been done to quell insurgency. Surprise resignation of finance minister 28 February.
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Thailand
| 1 Feb 2007
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| Spectre of new insecurity grew after 9 small explosions in Bangkok 31 December; speculation focused on supporters of former PM Thaksin: 14 military officers and 5 civilians detained but all released for lack of evidence. Council on National Security (CNS) military government tightened media controls and extended Emergency Decree in south for 3 months where daily attacks continued. 35-member committee began drafting constitution, headed by CNS pick Prasong Soonsiri.
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Thailand
| 1 Jan 2007
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| Possible new sign of instability as series of explosions in Bangkok 31 December killed 3. No group immediately claimed responsibility; PM Surayud quickly pointed blame at supporters of deposed PM Thaksin, but others saw link to southern separatist violence more likely. Despite continued surge in violence in south, PM Surayud resisted taking hard line in month, but said will review conciliatory approach if no results by March. Month saw further steps by Council on National Security (CNS) toward return to democratic rule. Selection process began for 100 members of Constitution Drafting Assembly, due to begin work in January; CNS retained ultimate control over selections.
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Thailand
| 1 Dec 2006
| PM Surayud, in one of several recent visits to south, made historic apology 2 November to families of those killed by army in suppression of protests in Tak Bai in 2004. Despite recent positive signals of Bangkok’s engagement in south, insurgent violence escalated in month; over 100 local Buddhists fled homes in Yala and Narathiwat and over 1000 schools closed indefinitely in south after Pattani teacher burned alive 24 November. Defence Minister Somtad announced 28 November lifting of martial law in about half of country’s 76 provinces; those considered unstable, including southern border provinces and areas of north alleged to be former PM Thaksin’s strongholds, to remain under martial law.
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Thailand
| 1 Nov 2006
Leaders of 19 September coup, Council on National Security (CNS), installed interim government and process for drafting new constitution. CNS retains significant influence over drafting process; final document due mid-2007 for public referendum. Retired general Surayud Chulanont appointed interim PM 1 October; seen as reformer and instrumental in keeping military out of politics after last coup. Surayud announced tackling southern violence top priority. Aree Wong-arya, Muslim with experience in south, appointed as interior minister; Southern Border Provinces Administration Centre, dismantled by Thaksin in 2002, to be revived. Emergency decree renewed for 3 months 17 October amid ongoing violence.
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Thailand
| 1 Oct 2006
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| PM Thaksin deposed 19 September in bloodless coup. Army generals led by General Sonthi Boonyaratkalin revoked 1997 constitution and severely limited freedoms of assembly and speech. Military ‘Council for Democratic Reform’ (CDR) appointed retired general Surayud Chulanont as interim prime minister 1 October and promised to hold elections within a year, but reserved control over security affairs and right to sack PM. CDR will appoint 250-member interim legislature and 2,000-strong “people’s assembly” which in turn will select 100-200 team to draft new constitution. U.S. called coup “U-turn” for democracy and suspended $24 million in military aid. Coup may turn out to be marginally positive for southern conflict: Thaksin’s rivalry with military had been key obstacle to effective management and Gen. Sonthi more receptive to recommendations of National Reconciliation Commission. Violence continued in south with 6 bombs detonated in economic hub of Hat Yai 16 September, killing 4.
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Thailand
| 1 Sep 2006
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| Political uncertainty and southern violence continued. Opposition parties threatened to restart mass demonstrations after clashes between protestors and supporters at caretaker PM Thaksin Shinawatra’s public appearances. Interior Minister Wantana said credible reports of assassination plot against PM. Although royal decree on 15 October election came into effect 24 August, 10 August deadline for Senate to approve new Election Commissioners missed, possibly delaying poll. Insurgency continued in south with 53 deaths reported in various attacks on civilians and security forces: 2 August mine on rail bridge killed 3 police; 20 coordinated blasts outside banks in Yala province 31 August killed 1; while night of 1 August saw 128 separate bombing and shooting incidents. In Yala province locals received insurgent leaflets telling Buddhists to leave south.
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Thailand
| 1 Aug 2006
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| Country remained without functioning parliament, and with caretaker government, for fifth month, with unrest continuing in south. Parliamentary election rerun set for 15 October. 3 election commissioners jailed for malfeasance in now-annulled April elections. Constitutional court accepted election fraud case against largest government and opposition political parties; they face dissolution if convicted but verdict not expected until after election. UN criticised Thaksin caretaker government’s decision to extend emergency decree granting extraordinary powers to police and military in south. 6 killed in clash between police and militants after attack on police checkpoint in Pattani. Schools closed in Narathiwat 24 July after teacher killed in armed attack.
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Thailand
| 1 Jul 2006
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| Political uncertainty in Bangkok and southern violence continued. National Reconciliation Commission released report 5 June recommending shift from hard-line security response in south, and focus on justice and reconciliation through creation of 2 government agencies. As parliamentary debate began on report, 50 bombs exploded simultaneously at police stations, government offices and checkpoints in south, killing 3. Public prosecutors announced would submit petition to constitutional court charging 5 political parties, including governing Thai Rak Thai and opposition Democrat Party, with fraud in 2 April elections. Constitutional court decision to uphold fraud charges would dissolve political parties; decision in early July.
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Thailand
| 1 Jun 2006
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| Political uncertainty in Bangkok and violence in south continued. Constitutional Court annulled 2 April election and called for new ballot. Election date set for 15 October, allowing MPs 90 days to change parties before contesting seats. No defections expected from ruling TRT party. Caretaker PM Thaksin returned to office 23 May after 6-week break; still head of TRT but might not contest election. People’s Alliance for Democracy, anti-Thaksin group, to transform into political party. New Muslim party established by southern academics welcomed by locals as possible channel to address southern conflict but unlikely to make impact at national level. Several hostage-taking incidents in Narathiwat, including 2 female teachers 19 May; national outcry led to temporary closure of more than 200 schools in “red zone”.
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Thailand
| 1 May 2006
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| Political uncertainty continued after 2 April snap elections, while state of emergency renewed in south. PM Thaksin Shinawatra initially claimed victory in polls before “resigning” amid widespread popular protests. Opposition boycotts meant that despite 23 April by-elections, 14 seats remained unfilled in constituencies where single candidates failed to win 20% vote threshold required by constitution. Thaksin handed power to deputy PM Chidchai Wannasathit but remains in parliament and leader of Thai Rak Thai party. King Bhumibol rejected calls from People’s Alliance for Democracy to appoint caretaker PM, but asked courts to resolve crisis: administrative court suspended remaining by-elections 29 April. Southern militants targeted several ballot convoys and polling stations in Narathiwat and Yala on voting days: 3 killed during 19 April Senate election; and 2 killed during 23 April by-election.
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Thailand
| 1 Apr 2006
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| Mass demonstrations against PM Thaksin Shinawatra continued in capital ahead of 2 April elections. Main opposition Democratic Party submitted evidence to electoral commission of fraud by ruling Thai Rak Thai party. Almost daily violence continued in south, including attack by militants in Pattani province killing 6 Muslim officials and journalist 16 March, day after gunmen shot dead principal of Yala province Islamic school linked to separatist groups.
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Thailand
| 1 Mar 2006
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| PM Thaksin Shinawatra dissolved parliament and called snap election for 2 April following mass protests by People’s Alliance for Democracy and media tycoon Sondhi Limthongkul calling for Thaksin’s resignation over corruption. Opposition parties declared intention to boycott election. Meanwhile daily violence continued in south. Local state school teachers in Narathiwat taken hostage by villagers in response to perceived arbitrary arrests by police, as concern persisted over police powers associated with emergency decree. National Reconciliation Committee due to release final report on southern situation and recommendations in March.
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Thailand
| 1 Feb 2006
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| Emergency decree extended until 19 April amid sustained militant attacks in south. Forced surrenders and arbitrary arrests continued to alienate locals. Insurgents torched over 100 phone installations across 4 southern provinces 18 January, contradicting government claims situation under control. Train station in Narathiwat province attacked by insurgents 29 January leaving 2 dead, same day as Muslim preacher in Yala and employee of National Reconciliation Commission in Pattani killed. Court sentenced police officer to 3 years for illegal detention of Muslim human rights lawyer, Somchai Neelaphaijit, before he disappeared March 2004. PM Thaksin Shinawatra announced government officials involved in Somchai’s death; called for further enquiry.
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Thailand
| 1 Jan 2006
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| Violence in south, temporarily suspended by severe flooding, resumed with 5 fatal shootings in Narathiwat and Yala provinces late December; 2 Muslim men killed earlier in month. Bomb exploded in Narathiwat 24 December during PM Shinawatra’s visit to region after floods. Police exchanged 2 detainees for 22 school teachers taken hostage by villagers 19 December. Malaysian authorities handed senior New Pattani United Liberation Organisation leader to Thai police.
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Thailand
| 1 Dec 2005
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| Army adopted more aggressive posture in response to rising southern violence; began retraining southern troops for offensive operations. Violence showed no sign of abating: family of 9 of defected militant killed in Narathiwat province 16 November in revenge for cooperation with government; coordinated bomb attacks in Narathiwat and Yala 2 and 7 November; suspected insurgents decapitated local government worker in Pattani province 22 November. Former Malaysian PM Mahathir Mohammad met PM Thaksin Shinawatra on unofficial trip to Thailand to ease diplomatic tensions over southern violence; both sides agreed to refrain from “megaphone diplomacy”.
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Thailand
| 1 Nov 2005
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| Insurgency worsened in south leading to 19 October extension of controversial state of emergency. Violent deaths increased in 3 southern provinces including shooting of 5 soldiers, 2 separate beheadings, and killing of Buddhist monk and 2 teenage helpers in Pattani temple 16 October. Insurgents stole at least 92 guns in 63 coordinated raids on security posts and civilian defence volunteers in 3 provinces 26 October, killing 5. Regional army chief Lt.-General Kwanchat Klaharn sought approval to deploy new special task forces to improve southern security. Diplomatic tensions worsened over insurgency: Thailand accused Malaysia of sheltering rebel suspects, Malaysia charged Thailand with using heavy-handed tactics. PM Shinawatra protested Organization of the Islamic Conference criticism over handling of insurgency and assertion Muslim population had “legitimate demands”.
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Thailand
| 1 Oct 2005
| Daily violence intensified in south, increasingly directed toward Muslim civilians. Fear generated by emergency decree resulted in confrontations between authorities and villagers caught between soldiers and insurgents 30 August and 23 September: 131 Narathiwat residents fled to neighbouring Malaysian state of Kelantan 30 August, reportedly fearing persecution by military after rumours of extra-judicial killings. 2 months after emergency decree, following 18 months of martial law, security agencies no closer to understanding who is responsible for violence.
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Thailand
| 1 Sep 2005
Daily attacks continued in 3 southern provinces as government reverted to hardline approach. Emergency decree approved by ruling party-dominated parliament, despite protest from opposition and government-appointed National Reconciliation Commission. 7 killed in 2 days by suspected separatist militants 20-21 August: surge of violence followed visit of PM Thaksin Shinawatra to south to encourage locals to defy extremists’ threats. At least 3 killed in further bombings 31 August. Only 4 months into new term, PM reshuffled cabinet, appointing former air force commander Kongsak Wantana as new interior minister, fourth appointment to post in 2 years.
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Thailand
| 1 Aug 2005
Controversial emergency decree introduced 19 July risks exacerbating already volatile security in south. Passed with approval of cabinet and King amid spiralling southern violence, gives PM Thaksin Shinawatra extra powers to handle southern insurgency: designates 3 southern provinces as “severe emergency zones”; moves power over security matters to PM; allows measures such as detention without charge for 30 days and curfews; grants security forces immunity from prosecution. Critics call decree “silent coup d’etat” as overrules 1997 Constitution designed to curb government power. Deadly attacks targeting state officials, security forces, defence volunteers and teachers continued on daily basis. 60 militants launched coordinated attacks on Yala city 14 July killing 2.
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Thailand
| 1 Jul 2005
Violence intensified in south. Killing of government officials and civilians, both Buddhist and Muslim, increased: at least 40, mostly civilians, killed by suspected insurgents over month. Unprecedented number of beheadings in June; 7 in total, 2 in broad daylight before witnesses. Organisation of the Islamic Conference delegation assessed situation in south ahead of annual meeting 28-30 June, but criticism so far muted. FM Kantathi Suphamongkon travelled to Kuala Lumpur to bolster support for ending violence through Joint Development Strategy signed 2004.
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Thailand
| 1 Jun 2005
| Southern violence continued along with debate on future policy for region. Major reshuffle of southern security: regional army and police commanders changed; intelligence reorganised. Committee of security ministers drafting new security legislation to replace martial law in south in move recommended by government-appointed National Reconciliation Commission. New law likely to award similar powers to military, and widen police powers, but overall direction to come from PM rather than regional military chief. Roadside bombs killed 3 soldiers Narathiwat province 13 May. Dozens of other bombing, arson and shooting attacks throughout month killed at least 1 other soldier and 13 civilians.
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Thailand
| 1 May 2005
Southern insurgency continued with almost daily incidents of violence. Possible policy shift in Bangkok (following PM Thaksin Shinawatra’s admission heavy-handed approach failed) but plans for military drawdown on hold after 3 April triple bombing in Songkhla province killed 2, injured 70. Newly-appointed National Reconciliation Committee, composed of 49 mainly non-southern, non-Muslims, chaired by former PM Anand Panyarachun tasked with devising plan to end violence in south, released reports of investigative commissions into Tak Bai and Krue Se incidents from April and October 2004, and held initial consultations with southern community and religious leaders. Government paid approx. U.S.$600,000 in reparations to 345 families of Tak Bai victims, died or injured at hands of security forces during 25 October 2004 protest, though still refuses to release full report of Tak Bai investigative commission.
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Thailand
| 1 Apr 2005
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| PM Thaksin Shinawatra formally began second term 9 March, while violence in south worsened. At least 15 killed in various attacks on school teachers, Buddhist leaders and local female administrator as well as coordinated attack on train station in Sungai Padi, Narathiwat. During special parliamentary session Thaksin admitted heavy-handed approach to south failed; ordered reduction of troops and change in tactics. Leader of united front of Muslim separatist groups ‘Bersatu’ seeking permission to attend meeting of Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC) as observer. Thai Government asked OIC to deny exiled leaders any political platform. Three generals involved with 26 October deaths of 78 Muslim demonstrators removed from positions – will face no further disciplinary action.
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Thailand
| 1 Mar 2005
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| PM Thaksin Shinawatra’s Thai Rak Thai Party scored overwhelming victory in 6 February polls, but failed to win single seat in 3 southernmost provinces. Violence flared in south immediately after election with 6 bombings in 3 days, including apparent assassination attempt on Narathiwat’s governor 10 February. Car bomb in Narathiwat border town 17 February killed 6 in deadliest attack since insurgency flared January 2004. Widespread opposition to Thaksin zoning plan to withhold development funds from villages deemed sympathetic to Muslim separatists prompted government rethink.
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Thailand
| 1 Feb 2005
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| Violence continued with almost daily incidents in 3 southern provinces. Attacks killed over dozen in January. Defence ministry announced plans to base 15th Infantry Division as permanent military unit in southern provinces. Rivalry between police and military over handling of southern crisis resulted in replacement of assistant police chief Lt-General Wongkot Maneerin. Despite failure to end violence, PM Thaksin Shinawatra’s forceful handling of tsunami disaster boosted his already popular Thai Rak Thai party’s prospects for 6 February polls.
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Thailand
| 1 Jan 2005
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| In major humanitarian catastrophe, at least 5,000 killed by 26 December tsunami along western coast, but unlikely to have effect on unrest in south. Violence continued in south despite peace stunt by government which saw air-drop of millions of paper doves. Independent human rights commission into 25 October Tak Bai deaths absolved security forces of wrongdoing but accused army commanders of negligence. Four Muslim private Islamic school teachers arrested on charges of treason, inflaming tensions. Almost daily shooting, arson and bombings; security forces fear escalation of violence as insurgency anniversary (4 January) approaches: 2,000 additional police deployed from 1 January. General election scheduled for 6 February.
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Thailand
| 1 Dec 2004
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| Insurgency continued in south. Academics from 18 universities called upon PM Thaksin Shinawatra to make personal apology for 25 October Tak Bai deaths, in which 79 protesters suffocated to death in custody of security forces. At least 35 killed in incidents throughout south, including 2 in hitherto relatively peaceful Songkhla province 16 November. Violence in south discussed at ASEAN summit despite Thaksin threat to walk out if internal affairs raised.
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Thailand
| 1 Nov 2004
| Situation in south extremely volatile after 79 protesters died in custody of security forces 26 October, following violent riots in Tak Bai, Narathiwat province, which killed 7. Protesters crammed into army trucks suffocated on way to barracks. Insensitive reaction of PM Thaksin sparked international condemnation. Exploitation of situation by jihadist groups risks further bloodshed - 5 killed in separate bomb attacks and shooting incidents in southern provinces after 26 October. Army commander, Lieutenant-General Pisarn Wattanawongkhiri, declared indefinite curfew in southern provinces of Yala, Pattani and Narathiwat; authorities deployed additional 1,000 security personnel. Almost daily killings of security personnel, teachers, village officials and businessmen continued unabated.
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Thailand
| 1 Oct 2004
Troop deployment in restive south to be increased as killings continued, despite disagreement within government over strategy. Raids on Muslim schools continued, exacerbating tensions. PM Thaksin Shinawatra ordered special security protection for judges after Pattani Province judge shot dead 17 September. Imam in Yaring district shot by sniper 18 September. Teachers, civil servants and police also attacked.
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Thailand
| 1 Sep 2004
| Sporadic violence continued in restive south. In accordance with Bangkok’s new hardline security policy, General Pallop Pinmanee, previously accused of using excessive force in April violence, re-assigned to south. National Human Rights Commission of Thailand reported rights abuses worsened in Thailand over past 3 years in increasing “culture of authoritarianism” under PM Thaksin Shinawatra.
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Thailand
| 1 Aug 2004
| Security deteriorated in restive south with almost daily killings of policemen, officials and village administrators. PM Thaksin Shinawatra warned of increased violence. Deputy PM Thamarak Isarangura, previously replaced as defence minister in March due to heavy-handed approach, appointed to supervise military operations. Defence Minister Chettha Thanajaro announced 20 July he had sent officials to Malaysia to open talks with separatist leaders.
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Thailand
| 1 Jul 2004
Violence continued in restive south. In policy about-face PM Thaksin Shinawatra announced government to form panels of villagers and officials to work on security and development and cancelled talks with Bersatu, Muslim separatist umbrella group. 3,000 teachers demonstrated for improved security after teacher in Pattani province shot dead in front of students 7 June. At least 5 policemen, 1 soldier and village leader killed in separate incidents.
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Thailand
| 1 Jun 2004
Blasts 16 May hit 3 Buddhist temples in Narathiwat province in restive south; policeman shot dead 7 May. Thai government agreed to talk to Muslim separatist umbrella group, Bersatu, blamed for violence in south. Group’s leader, Wan Abdul Kadir Che Man, denied movement was behind 28 April attacks, in which police and soldiers killed 108 militants, or January raid on army camp in Narathiwat, in which almost 400 guns stolen. Thai Buddhist beheaded reportedly in retaliation for arrests of Malays in connection to southern violence.
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Thailand
| 1 May 2004
In one of bloodiest days in modern Thai history 107 rebels killed, 17 arrested and 5 security officials killed as militants, mostly armed with machetes, battled policemen and soldiers in Pattani, Yala and Songkhla southern provinces 28 April: PM Thaksin Shinawatra blamed drug-crazed "bandits" and supportive local politicians, dismissing claims that religious or separatist ideology lay at root of violence. In earlier 22 April attacks 1 soldier and village chief killed and 50 public buildings, including 15 schools, set ablaze across Narathiwat and Yala provinces; 10 youths arrested. Troops deployed to south to protect rail workers after 4 separate incidents killed 2. Thai court issued arrest warrants for 4 policemen linked to disappearance of Somchai Neelapaijit, prominent Muslim lawyer for suspected Jemaah Islamiah militants.
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Thailand
| 1 Apr 2004
Unrest in south continued. Security alert after theft of over 1000 kgs of explosives from quarry in Yala province 31 March. Two policemen and village headman killed week after arsonists set fire to more than 36 buildings in region. Government made plans to launch southern development infrastructure program in attempt to end violence. Prominent Muslim human rights lawyer Somchai Neelapaijit defending 5 Thai Muslims accused in January attacks disappeared 12 March. More than 50 people have died in 2 months of unrest.
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Thailand
| 1 Mar 2004
Reports put death toll from southern sectarian unrest at 45 since 4 January. Nine arrested in connection with violence. Thai police recruiting additional 24,000 so officers can be sent to every village in 3 southern provinces (Pattani, Narathiwat and Yala) where martial law remains in place. Mass school closure 18 February in response to threats of violence aimed at teachers and students. PM Thaksin Shinawatra promised region U.S.$255 million for economic and educational projects.
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Thailand
| 1 Feb 2004
Wave of violence in south blamed on separatist Islamist militants. Weapons depot looting and arson attacks on 21 government schools 4 January, followed by 10 deaths in several incidents. In response, martial law declared in Pattani, Narathiwat and Yala provinces in predominantly Muslim south. Arrest warrants for 4 Muslim militants issued. Security clampdown fuelling resentment. Thai PM Thaksin Shinawatra blamed lethal machete attacks on 3 Buddhist monks as work of separatists attempting to ignite religious conflict.
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