Following the failure of a U.S. resolution on extending UN arms restrictions against Iran, President Rouhani hailed the vote as “a great victory” and argued that “the reason why the resolution had eleven abstentions and two votes against it was because everyone believes that maintaining the JCPOA is necessary for world security, and the U.S. failed miserably in this area”. The same day, President Trump indicated that “we knew what the vote was going to be but we’ll be doing a snapback”, and said he would “probably not” participate in a summit proposed by Russia convening the P5+1 and Iran. EU High Representative Josep Borrell subsequently asserted that “given that the U.S. unilaterally withdrew from the JCPOA in May 2018 and has not participated in any JCPOA structures or activities subsequently, the U.S. cannot be considered as a JCPOA participant… We therefore consider that the U.S. is not in a position to resort to mechanisms reserved for JCPOA participants [such as snapback]”.